1. X-Rays in Medicine

2. Discovery of X-Rays -Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen-1895
-Electrical discharges in a vacuum tube
-Caused a phosphoric screen to fluoresce
-Formed an image of bone
-First x-ray photograph of wife’s hand/ring

4. X-rays in Medicine
One year later British doctors were already using x- ray imaging.
Prolonged exposure to x-rays caused tissue burns.
Wounds were abnormal- took time before appearing.

5. ENERGY

6. PHOTONS
-The energy of a light-wave is carried by packets called photons
-The energy of a photon depends on the light’s wavelength
-Smaller wavelengths have larger energies

7. Photon energies are usually given in units of electron volts (eV)
ENERGY
Photon energies are usually given in units of electron volts (eV)
1 eV = 1.602x10-19 Joules
Need 56,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000 eV to
cook an egg.

8. X-Ray Tube

9. X-Ray Tube

10. X-Ray Tube

11. X-Ray Tube X-ray tube consists of the following major parts
1- Filament: made from tungsten wire which is heated electrically at a potential difference of 8 to 12 V to a high temperature so that electrons ‘boiled off’ from its surface. These electrons form the tube beam.
The filament is located within a negatively charged nickel cathode which is shaped so that a precise beam geometry is obtained.

12. X-Ray Tube
2- Cathode: this houses the filament and is manufactured from nickel . The filament is located within a cup having sharp contoured edges which electrostatically focus the electron beam. The cathode cup is independently supplied with a high negative voltage 3- Anode: is manufacture from tungsten (high melting metal). Dental units and small mobile X-ray units use stationary or fixed anode design. The most efficient design however uses a rotating-disk anode which enables higher X-ray output owing to more effective cooling.

13. Rotary X-Ray Tube

14. Diagnostic X-Ray Spectra

15. Therapeutic X-Ray Spectra

16. X-ray Image
Two Forks,
Ball pin,
and teeth brush in the intestine

17. X-Ray image of a Gun