1. Hermann Helbig University Hagen Intelligent Information and Communication Systems http://pi7.fernuni-hagen.de Semantic Networks as a Knowledge Representation Paradigm and Interlingua for Meaning Representation Part I - Foundations

2. Semantic Networks [MultiNet] * NL Access to Data Bases & to the Internet * Automatic Translation * Question-Answering Systems (QAS) * Semantic Web Lexicography Natural Language Understanding Knowledge Processing Helbig, University of Hagen Chair of Intelligent Information & Communication Systems Cognitive Modeling Logics I. Disciplines: III. Applications: II. Technology: * Workbench for the Knowledge Engineer * Natural Language Interpreter * Workbench for the Computer Lexicographer * Virtual electronic laboratory VILAB

3. MultiNetKL-ONE RMRS *) *) Robust minimal recursion semantics The Position of MultiNet in the System of KRM

4. Basic Constructs

5. The Upper Ontology (Sorts) No collections, aggregations as sorts

6. The Layer Structure of MultiNet [Multidimensionality]

7. „Max gave his brother several apples.“ „This was a generous gift.“ „Four of them had been rotten.“ Intensional Level vs. Preextensional Level Typical NL constructs aiming at the preextensional level: - apart from, the one... the others, including,....

8. Material Origin  o1  o2  p2 (o1 SUB o2)  (p2 PARS o2)   p1 (p1 PARS o1)  (p1 SUB p2) D:  o1  o2  o3 (o1 SUB o2)  (o2 SUB o3)  (o1 SUB o2) K:  o1  o2  p2 (o1 PARS o2)  (o2 ORIGM s)  (o1 ORIGM s) D: Sample Network

9. B-Axioms R-Axioms

10. Classification of axioms

11. Immanent vs. Situational Knowledge

12. Multilinguality The Computer Lexicon [Semantic Part] agent orientation beneficiary result mental content

13. Problematic Axioms and Rules of Standard Logic Feasible Inference Rules of Logic Guidelines for an Adequate Logic - Principle of locality (admittance of contradictions) - Opportunistic logic (fusion of different logical approaches) - Associatively guided search (warranting a semantic coherence) - Substitution of truth values by degrees of trustworthiness A  A  B Extension Rule A   A  B Ex falso quodlibet  (  A)  A Law of Double Negation A   A Law of the Excluded Third Modus ponens Abduction Syllogisms A B  x R(x)   H(x) A  B A  B  x M(x)  R(x) ---------- ---------- ------------------------ B A  x M(x)   H(x) (more trust- („ferio“) worthy)

14. The Method of Question Centering KB: „The travel agency T-Serv bought a PC from CompuTex in 1998.“ Q: „Which firm did CompuTex sell a computer to?“

15. Hermann Helbig University Hagen Intelligent Information and Communication Systems http://pi7.fernuni-hagen.de Semantic Networks as a Knowledge Representation Paradigm and Interlingua for Meaning Representation Part II - Applications

16. MWR –The Workbench for the Knowledge Engineer Main Panel

17. Relation CAUS The MWR Help System (Online Documentation)

18. The Assimilation of Partial Networks Ge: “Das Flugzeug mußte landen.“ En: „The plane had to land.“ Ge: “Die Turbine wurde durch einen Vogel beschädigt.“ En: „The turbine had been damaged by a bird.“ Ingo Glöckner [REFER=d et] ?

19. The Result of the Assimilation Process Ingo Glöckner Inherita nce

20. <knowledge processing> WOCADI – The Natural Language Translator Ge: „Nenne mir Bücher von Shapiro über automatische Wissensverarbeitung, die bei Addison-Wesley erschienen sind.“ En: „Show me books of Shapiro about automatic knowledge processing, which have been pulished by Addison-Wesley.“ Sven Hartrumpf

21. The SQL Interface to Relational Data Bases Johannes Leveling

22. German Library Result of the Search Selection of Libraries. Are there any books of Peter Jackson which have been published by Addison-Wesley. Johannes Leveling NLI-Z39.50 – A Natural Language Interface to the Internet

23. GE: Gibt es Bücher von Peter Jackson über Expertensysteme, die bei Addison-Wesley erschienen sind? En: Are there books of Peter Jackson about expert systems which have been published by Addison- Wesley? (QUERY = unspecified) (MEDIA_OBJECT = buch.1.1) (BIBCODE = (WORD b)) (PUBLISHER = (NAME addison-wesley.0)) ((OR AUTHOR EDITOR) = (NAME jackson.0 peter.0)) ((OR TITLE (OR SUBJECT TITLE-SERIES)) = (WORD expertensystem.1.1)) find @and @attr 1=46 @attr 2=3 @attr 3=3 @attr 4=2 @attr 5=1 "expertensystem" @and @attr 1=1004 @attr 2=3 @attr 3=3 @attr 4=1 @attr 5=1 "jackson, peter" @attr 1=1018 @attr 2=3 @attr 3=3 @attr 4=2 @attr 5=100 "addison-wesley" NL-Query Interlingua Expression YAZ Expression Johannes Leveling

24. Textual Knowledge Base User searching for duplicates Recogni zer Data bases for texts and for duplicates Knowledge base Theorem prover Textual entailments Semantic Recognition of Duplicates Tim v. der Brück

25. DeLight – Linguistically Sound Readability Checker

26. M ax cut down ax tree Automatic Translation with MultiNet as a Semantic Interlingua M ax fällen Bau m Ax t Tiansi Dong

27. SEMPRIA ® GmbH Answer field with ranked answers Where did Oliver Bierhoff study? Bierhoff finished his studies at the Open University in Hagen after ….? Answer: at the Open University in Hagen? [Rank: +++] SEMPRIA ® GmbH SEMPRIA ® Search – A New Semantically Oriented Search Engine

28. SEMPRIA ® Search – Comparison with Google SEMPRIA ® GmbH Oliver Bierhoff gave homophobia a face ….?