1. Semaan, Gholam & Co.1 RELATED PARTIES INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ON AUDITING 550

2. Semaan, Gholam & Co.2 AUDITORS’ RESPONSIBILTY

3. Semaan, Gholam & Co.3 The auditor should perform audit procedures designed to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the identification and disclosure by management of related parties and the effect of related party transactions that are material to the financial statements. However, an audit cannot be expected to detect all related party transactions.

4. Semaan, Gholam & Co.4 Because of the degree of uncertainty associated with the assertion regarding the completeness of related parties this ISA will help to provide sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the audit procedures to be adopted.

5. Semaan, Gholam & Co.5 Related party—A party is related to an entity if: a)Directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, the party: –Controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the entity (this includes parents, subsidiaries and fellow subsidiaries); –Has an interest in the entity that gives it significant influence over the entity; or –Has joint control over the entity; b)The party is an associate (as defined in IAS 28, “Investments in Associates”) of the entity; c)The party is a joint venture in which the entity is a venturer (see IAS 31, “Interest in Joint Ventures”); d)The party is a member of the key management personnel of the entity or its parent; e)The party is a close member of the family of any individual referred to in (a) or (d);

6. Semaan, Gholam & Co.6 Responsibility to Identify Related Parties Management is responsible for the identification and disclosure of related parties and transactions with such parties.

7. Semaan, Gholam & Co.7 Auditors’ responsibility The auditor needs to have a sufficient understanding of the entity and its environment to enable identification of the events, transactions and practices that may result in a risk of material misstatement regarding related parties and transactions with such parties.

8. Semaan, Gholam & Co.8 The needs for the auditor to be aware of RP: Requirements to disclose in the financial statements of certain related party relationships and transactions, such as those required by IAS 24; Might affect the financial statements. For example, the entity’s tax liability and expense may be affected by the tax laws in various jurisdictions which require special consideration when related parties exist; The source of audit evidence affects the auditor’s assessment of its reliability. Generally a greater degree of reliance may be placed on audit evidence that is obtained from or created by unrelated third parties; and

9. Semaan, Gholam & Co.9 Existence of Related Parties The auditor should perform the following audit procedures in respect of the completeness of the information provided by company management: –Review prior year working papers for names of known related parties; –Review the entity’s procedures for identification of related parties; –Inquire as to the affiliation of those charged with governance and officers with other entities; –Review shareholder records to determine the names of principal shareholders or, if appropriate, obtain a listing of principal share- holders from the share register;

10. Semaan, Gholam & Co.10 –Review minutes of the meetings of shareholders and those charged with governance and other relevant statutory records such as the register of directors’ interests; –Inquire of other auditors currently involved in the audit, or predecessor auditors, as to their knowledge of additional related parties; and –Review the entity’s income tax returns and other information supplied to regulatory agencies.

11. Semaan, Gholam & Co.11 Transactions with Related Parties After getting an understanding of the company internal controls, the auditor needs to be alert for transactions which appear unusual in the circumstances and may indicate the existence of previously unidentified related parties Examples include the following:

12. Semaan, Gholam & Co.12 Transactions which have abnormal terms of trade, such as unusual prices, interest rates, guarantees, and repayment terms. Transactions which lack an apparent logical business reason for their occurrence. Transactions in which substance differs from form. Transactions processed in an unusual manner. High volume or significant transactions with certain customers or suppliers as compared with others. Unrecorded transactions such as the receipt or provision of management services at no charge.

13. Semaan, Gholam & Co.13 Examples of audit procedures to identify transactions with related parties Performing detailed tests of transactions and balances. Reviewing minutes of meetings of shareholders and those charged with governance. Reviewing accounting records for large or unusual transactions or balances, paying particular attention to transactions recognized at or near the end of the reporting period. Reviewing confirmations of loans receivable and payable and confirmations from banks. Such a review may indicate guarantor relationship and other related party transactions. Reviewing investment transactions, for example, purchase or sale of an equity interest in a joint venture or other entity.

14. Semaan, Gholam & Co.14 Examining Identified Related Party Transactions In examining the identified related party transactions, the auditor should obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence as to whether these transactions have been properly recorded and disclosed and Which might be performed thru the following: –Confirming the terms and amount of the transaction with the related party. –Inspecting information in possession of the related party. –Confirming or discussing information with persons associated with the transaction, such as banks, lawyers, guarantors and agents.

15. Semaan, Gholam & Co.15 Management Representations The auditor should obtain a written representation from management concerning: –The completeness of information provided regarding the identification of related parties; and –The adequacy of related party disclosures in the financial statements.

16. Semaan, Gholam & Co.16 Audit Conclusions and Reporting If the auditor is unable to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence concerning related parties and transactions with such parties or concludes that their disclosure in the financial statements is not adequate, the auditor should modify the auditor’s report appropriately.

17. Semaan, Gholam & Co.17 المادة 158 من قانون التجارة اللبناني يجب ان يخضع لترخيص الجمعية العمومية المسبق كل اتفاق بين الشركة واحد اعضاء مجلس الادارة سواء كان هذا الاتفاق جاريا بصورة مباشرة او تحت ستار شخص ثالث. يخضع كذلك لترخيص الجمعية العمومية المسبق كل اتفاق بين الشركة ومؤسسة اخرى اذا كان احد اعضاء مجلس الادارة مالكا لهذه المؤسسة او شريكا متضامنا فيها او مديرا لها او عضوا في مجلس ادارتها. ويترتب على العضو الذي تتوفر فيه احدى هذه الحالات ان يعلم بذلك مجلس الادارة.

18. Semaan, Gholam & Co.18 موجبات مجلس الادارة ومفوضي المراقبة يقدم كل من مجلس الادارة ومفوضي المراقبة تقريرا خاصا للجمعية العمومية عن الاتفاقات المنوي اجراؤها فتتخذ الجمعية قرارها على ضوء هذين التقريرين. ولا تكون الاتفاقات المرخص بها قابلة للطعن الا في حالة التحايل. يجب تجديد الترخيص كل سنة اذا كان يختص بعقود ذات موجبات متتابعة طويلة الاجل.

19. Semaan, Gholam & Co.19 يحرم على اعضاء مجلس الادارة في الشركة ما لم يكونوا من الاشخاص المعنويين أن يستحصلوا من الشركة بأية طريقة كانت على قرض أو على حساب جار مكشوف لمصلحتهم أو على كفالة او تكفل بالاسناد التجارية تجاه الغير. الا ان التحريم المذكور لا يطبق بالنسبة للمصارف اذا كانت العمليات المنوه عنها تشكل عمليات عادية لنشاط هذه المصارف. لا يجوز لاعضاء مجلس الادارة ان يشتركوا في ادارة شركة مشابهة لشركتهم الا اذا حصلوا على ترخيص يجدد في كل سنة