1. Point of Contact :Doug Ingerson Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 Bldg 205 Atlantic City Int'l Airport, NJ 08405 USA tel:609-485-4945 fax:609-485-7074 email:Douglas.A.Ingerson@faa.gov web page:www.fire.tc.faa.gov International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA Engine Nacelle Halon Replacement

2. Slide #2 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA PRESENTATION CONTENTS  OVERVIEW OF THE EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY  EXAMPLE OF MASS EQUIVALENCE  EXAMPLE OF GAS CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE  RESULTS TO DATE, TABULAR  RESULTS TO DATE, PARTIAL GRAPHICAL  CONCLUSORY STATEMENTS

3. Slide #3 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY - OVERVIEW EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY ~ OVERVIEW ~

4. Slide #4 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY - OVERVIEW  TESTING OCCURS IN A FIXTURE CONTAINING SALIENT FEATURES OF THE ENGINE NACELLE ENVIRONMENT  THE EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY IS TWO-PART  ESTABLISH A MASS EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN AGENTS BASED ON FIRE EXTINCTION PERFORMANCE  A H1301 BENCHMARK IS ESTABLISHED  THE REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE QUANTITY IS CHANGED UNTIL THE H1301 BENCHMARK IS MET OR EXCEEDED  ESTABLISH A CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE BASED ON AGENT DISTRIBUTION BEHAVIOR OF THE MASS EQUIVALENT  GAS ANALYSIS IS USED TO CAPTURE PERFORMANCE  TIES BACK TO FIRE EXTINCTION PERFORMANCE  PROCESS IS REPEATED IN 4 EQUIVALENCE ITERATIONS TO FIND THE LARGEST EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION (2 ventilation conditions x 2 fire threats)

5. Slide #5 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA IMAGERY - TEST FIXTURE STA 502 AIRFLOW FWD UP TEST SECTION DIMENSIONS 48 INCH OD SHELL 24 INCH OD CORE ~ 10.3 FEET LONG

6. Slide #6 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt I, MASS EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY, PART I ~ MASS EQUIVALENCE ~

7. Slide #7 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt I, MASS  TEST FIXTURE VENTILATION IS SET TO 1 OF 2 POINTS  THE OBJECT IS TO BRACKET SYSTEM BEHAVIOR  HIGH VENTILATION (HiVent) ~ 2.2 LBM/S @ 100°F  LOW VENTILATION (LoVent) ~ 1.0 LBM/S @ 260°F  H1301 CERTIFICATION IS KNOWN FOR BOTH CASES  AGENT IS STORED AT 100°F  AGENT DISCHARGE IS ~ 1 SECOND  H1301 BENCHMARK (FIRE TESTING) IS ACCOMPLISHED WITH THE APPLICABLE CERTIFICATION PROFILE  H1301 DISTRIBUTION IS REASONABLY SYMMETRIC  DISCHARGE IS NOT DIRECTED AT THE FIRE THREAT  MINIMUM DISTANCE OF 5 FT SEPARATES AGENT INJECTION AND THE FLAME FRONTS

8. Slide #8 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA IMAGERY – SAMPLING PROBE LOCATIONS, SPRAY 9 11 8 1 7 5 3 6 12 10 4 REGION OF FLAME DURING FIRE TEST FWD UP RIGHT 3:00 UP 12:00 STA 502 STA 527 2 DIMENSIONS ARE IN FEET UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE LOOKING FWD

9. Slide #9 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA IMAGERY – TYPICAL H1301 CERTIFICATION GRAPH, HiVent

10. Slide #10 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA IMAGERY – TYPICAL H1301 CERTIFICATION GRAPH, LoVent

11. Slide #11 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA IMAGERY – SAMPLING PROBE LOCATIONS, POOL 9 11 8 1 7 2 3 6 12 10 4 REGION OF FLAME DURING FIRE TEST FWD UP RIGHT 3:00 UP 12:00 STA 502 STA 527 5 DIMENSIONS ARE IN FEET UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE LOOKING FWD

12. Slide #12 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt I, MASS  DEFINING THE H1301 BENCHMARK  DETERMINED FOR EACH EQUIVALENCE ITERATION  EQUIVALENCE ITERATION = “VENTILATION + FIRE THREAT”  POOL FIRE THREAT – JP8   150°F @ 220 IN^2 x 0.5IN DEEP  ELECTRICAL ARC REMAINS ON DURING AGENT INJECTION  SPRAY FIRE THREAT – JP8, LUBRICANT OR HYDRAULIC FLUID   150°F @ 0.25 GPM  FUEL SPRAY & ELECTRICAL ARC REMAIN ON DURING AGENT INJECTION  FUEL SPRAY STRIKES HOT SURFACE DURING AGENT INJECTION  RESULT FROM 1 FIRE TEST = REIGNITION TIME DELAY (RTD)  RTD = time (FIRE EXTINCTION) – time (FIRE REIGNITION)  RTD IS ASSESSED FROM VIDEO RECORD OF EACH FIRE TEST  H1301 BENCHMARK = AVERAGED RTDs FROM 5 REPEATED FIRE TESTS = RTD_ave (H1301)

13. Slide #13 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA IMAGERY - SPRAY FIRE ZONE AIRFLOW FWD UP FUEL NOZZLES 2” TALL FLAME STABILIZATION RIB TUBE ARRAY CORE  STA 512 STA 502 ELECTRICAL ARC

14. Slide #14 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA IMAGERY - POOL FIRE ZONE STA 503 FWD UP AIRFLOW

15. Slide #15 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt I, MASS  PROCESS  SELECT CONDITIONS FROM 1 OF 4 EQUIVALENCE ITERATIONS  HiVent, JP8 SPRAY OR POOL FIRE THREAT  LoVent, LUBRICANT SPRAY OR JP8 POOL FIRE THREAT  ESTABLISH H1301 BENCHMARK WITH 5 REPEATED FIRE TESTS  FIND EQUIVALENT MASS OF THE REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE  COMPARISION BASIS : AVERAGE RTD OF 5 REPEATED TESTS  EQUIVALENCE DEFINED AS : RTD_ave (H1301)  RTD_ave (EQUIVALENT MASS)  IF A SPRAY FIRE THREAT, USE EQUIVALENT MASS AND VERIFY SUCCESS AGAINST OTHER FUELS  HiVent VERIFICATION – LUBRICANT & HYDRAULIC FLUID  LoVent VERIFICATION – JP8  REPEAT 3 TESTS FOR EACH FUEL  SUCCESS DEFINED AS : RTD_ave (EQUIVALENT MASS)  RTD_ave (VERIFICATION)

16. Slide #16 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY, PART II ~ CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE ~

17. Slide #17 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, CONCENTRATION  TREATING THE VOLUMETRIC GAS CONCENTRATION AS THE PAREMETER FOR EQUIVALENCE (NOT CITING ANY MASS EQUIVALENCE!!)  REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE IS DELIVERED THROUGH NON-OPTIMIZED PLUMBING  SOME NON-OPTIMIZED QUANTITY OF THE REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE WILL STILL ACHIEVE PARITY WITH H1301 BENCHMARK  CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE EVALUATED AT THE FLAME FRONT ONLY (2 CHANNELS PER TEST)!!  EQUIVALENT GAS CONCENTRATION IS BASED ON :  CAPTURED GAS ANALYSIS DATA  FIRE EXTINCTION BEHAVIOR

18. Slide #18 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, CONCENTRATION  PROCESS  CAPTURE GAS DISTRIBUTION OF THE EQUIVALENT MASS WITH 3 REPEATED TESTS  COLLECT THE 2 FLAME FRONT CURVES FOR EACH TEST  TRANSFORM FLAME FRONT, GAS CONCENTRATION CURVES  CURVES ARE TYPICALLY CAPTURED TO ILLUSTRATE EXPONENTIAL GROWTH/DECAY (i.e. CERTIFICATION TEST)  TRANSFORM EACH CURVE TO CONCENTRATION vs. DURATION@CONCENTRATION  CREATE A SINGLE DATA POOL OF ALL POINTS FROM THE TRANSFORMED CURVES  MODEL THE DATA POOL WITH HIGHEST-ORDER POLYNOMIAL, BEST-FIT FUNCTION  RECALL AVERAGE RTD FROM REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE  USE AVERAGE RTD OF THE EQUIVALENT MASS IN THE BEST-FIT FUNCTION TO CALCULATE EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION

19. Slide #19 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – EXAMPLE EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY ~ EXAMPLE ~

20. Slide #20 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt I, EXAMPLE  MASS EQUIVALENCE EXAMPLE (actual data)  EQUIVALENCE ITERATION = HiVent JP8 SPRAY FIRE  H1301 BENCHMARK = RTD_ave (H1301) = 1.39 SECONDS  REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE WORK WITH HFC-125  EQUIVALENT MASS = 8.0 LBF HFC-125

21. Slide #21 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, EXAMPLE  EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION EXAMPLE  THIS EXAMPLE IS BASED UPON DATA FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF 8.0 LBF HFC-125  RESTRICT DATA REVIEW TO THE 2 ANALYZER CHANNELS LOCATED AT THE SPRAY FLAME FRONT  CALCULATION FOLLOWS IN GRAPHICAL FORMAT  FOR SIMPLICITY IN THIS EXAMPLE :  ONE PAIR OF ANALYZER TRACES ARE SHOWN (SINGLE TEST)  DUE TO THE REDUCED SIZE OF THE DATA POOL, THE CALCULATION FOR THIS EXAMPLE IS NOT THE REPORTED EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION  PROTOCOL REQUIRES REPEATING 3 GAS DISTRIBUTION TESTS TO PRODUCE THE DATA POOL TO MAKE THIS CALCULATION

22. Slide #22 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, EXAMPLE

23. Slide #23 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, EXAMPLE ILLUSTRATION ONLY ~ EQUIVALENCE NOT VALID ~

24. Slide #24 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA RESULTS TO DATE

25. Slide #25 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA RESULTS TO DATE - TABULAR Agent Ventilation configuration Fire Threat Equivalent Concentration (%v/v) HFC-125 high JP8 spray16.9 JP8 pool9.6 low OIL spray15.8 (a) JP8 poolincomplete CF3I high JP8 spray5.8 JP8 poolincomplete low OIL spray7.2 (a, b) JP8 poolincomplete (a) Bracketing method used to find mass equivalent (b) Partial result, JP8 verification not completed as of June 2004

26. Slide #26 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA RESULTS TO DATE – TRANSFORMED DATA, HiVent EQUIVALENTS

27. Slide #27 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA CONCLUSORY STATEMENTS SUMMARY/STATUS

28. Slide #28 International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group 20-21Jun04Grenoble, France Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical Center Fire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA CONCLUSORY STATEMENTS  CURRENTLY WORKING HFC-125 IN THE LoVent JP8 POOL  REMAINING CF3I EQUIVALENCE ITERATIONS WILL FOLLOW  UPON COMPLETING HFC-125/CF3I ITERATIONS, PROJECT CONCLUDES