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Intellectual Development from One to Three

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Presentation on theme: "Intellectual Development from One to Three"— Presentation transcript:

1 Intellectual Development from One to Three
Understanding Learning and the Mind

2 Intelligence The ability to interpret or understand everyday situations and to use that experience when faced with new situations or problems.

3 Methods of Learning Incident learning Unplanned learning
Trial and error learning Trying several solutions before finding one that works Imitation Learning by watching and copying others Direct learning Learning that results from being taught

4 The Mind at Work Attention Memory Perception Reasoning Imagination
Creativity Curiosity

5 Attention Sensory information  Block out
1-3 year olds, short attention span Increases as child gets older. Better able to block out outside distractions.

6 Memory Without memory  NO LEARNING
As child gets older, they are better able to react to a situation by remembering similar experiences.

7 Perception Perception: Information received through the senses
Caregivers play a key role in developing perception Use descriptive observations “Look at the blue coat. Your shirt is blue, too. Let’s see what other blue things we can find.”

8 Perception 2 and 3 year olds constantly ask
Why What’s that How does it work Mr. Warkentin constantly asks why .. What’s that .. Just like a 2 year old.

9 Perception If the response is usually an absent-minded … uh-huh, because, or don’t bother me now—I’m busy … the child eventually stops asking questions.

10 Reasoning Mr. Cove has no sense of reasoning.
Reasoning is the basic ability to solve problems and make decisions. Babies show the beginning of simple problem solving ability at about 4-6 months. 1-3 year olds gradually learn more sophisticated reasoning skills.

11 Imagination Imagination becomes apparent at about 2 years of age (no one knows if babies have imagination). Active imagination enhances learning Respect a child’s imagination and respond carefully.

12 Creativity Imagination is used to produce something.

13 Encouraging Creativity
Encourage play activities that depend on exploration and imagination. Provide toys that can be used in more than one way. Provide unstructured time. Remember that the process of creativity is more important that the product. Praise the child’s efforts with deeds as well as words.

14 Curiosity Curiosity fuels brain development and learning.
Sometimes parents stifle that curiosity by overprotecting the child or the home. Patience and humor are essential.

15 Intellectual Development from One to Three
Encouraging Learning from One to Three

16 Readiness for Learning
Children can learn a new skill only when they are physically and intellectually ready. When adults push children to learn things they aren’t ready for, the children can’t succeed. A sense of failure may slow the child’s learning, rather than increase it as the adult had intended.

17 Guiding Learning Give your time and attention
Take advantage of simple learning opportunities Allow time for thinking Give only as much help as the child needs to succeed Encourage children to draw their own conclusions Show how to solve problems Maintain a positive attitude Keep explanations simple and on the child’s level Allow children to explore and discover Help the children understand the world and how it works Take frequent breaks

18 Speech Development In the toddler and preschool years, language abilities grow at a very rapid pace. As with other areas of development, children vary greatly in the timing of their speaking skills.

19 Speech Development Between their first and second birthdays, children work at learning new words. They like to learn the names of everything and they enjoy listening to the sounds words make. 12 months – 2 – 8 words 2 years old – 200 words

20 Speech Development A child’s language development is strongly influenced by how caregivers and older children speak to him or her. Therefore, using “baby talk” can hinder a child’s speaking skills.

21 Encourage language development and learning in toddlers by:
Talking to them about their lives. Speaking in a clear and engaging way. Take time to describe whatever you are seeing and doing.

22 Age 1 – 2: Children use one or two words rather than a whole sentence to express a thought Example: “Water” means “I want a drink of water”

23 Age 2: Children combine a few words to make short sentences
Example: “Doggie bark”. “Jimmy fall down”

24 Age 2 ½: Children begin to learn some rules of grammar. Child begins to add an s to words to make them plural. Example: Hand  Hands, Eye  Eyes, Foot  Foots, Tooth  Tooths

25 Speech Difficulties Many parents are concerned about “late talkers”. Some make the mistake of pressuring the child who talks late or whose speech is unclear. Most often, this pressure just makes the child aware of the problem and may make it worse. A child who doesn’t seem to understand what is said and doesn’t speak at all or who speaks very little should be examined.

26 Speech Difficulties Speech-language pathologists are specialists trained to detect and correct speech problems. Poor hearing, cognitive disabilities, learning disabilities, and emotional problems may slow a child’s speech. Articulation is the ability to use clear, distinct speech. Some children skip syllables or leave off the endings of words. These problems usually correct themselves in time.

27 Speech Difficulties A speech language pathologist can determine whether a problem is likely to go away over time or if therapy is needed. Avoid constantly correcting a child’s pronunciation. Instead be careful to set a good example with your own speech.

28 Stuttering Stuttering is a more serious speech difficulty for young children. A true stutter can be identified by the rhythm, pitch, and speech of speech. It is rapid, forced, and short and sharp in sound. Usually, the child repeats only the beginning sound of a word. The cause or causes of stuttering are still not clearly understood. Some children need the help of a speech-language pathologist to overcome the problem. Most children who stutter, however, often outgrow it.


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