1. Russia, Europe, and the United States 1945-Present
The Cold War
Russia, Europe, and the United States
1945-Present

2. “The Cold War” Outline West vs East The Powers End of the War
Division of Powers
Spread of the Cold War
Cuban Missile Crisis
Vietnam
The Powers
Soviet Union/Eastern Europe
North America/Western Europe
End of the War
Fall of the Soviet Union
Future of Eastern Europe
North America and Western Europe
New Future of the West

3. West vs East West East Fears the spread of communism
Based on principles of Karl Marx
Trade and industry publicly owned (government), with each person working and being paid according to needs
Made up of U.S. and Western Europe
Motives
US wanted to maintain prestige after WWII
Wanted Eastern Europe to have choice in government
East
Fears the spread of capitalism
Private owners (citizens) control trade and industry
Made up of USSR and Eastern Europe
Motives
USSR did not want to give up control of Germany and Eastern Europe after WWII
Wanted Eastern Europe to be pro-Soviet, regardless of the want of the people

4. Division of Powers Rivalry in Europe (1947) Division of Germany
Truman Doctrine – US would give $$$ to nations threatened by communism
In response to fear of USSR interfering in Greece
Marshall Plan – US pledged $13 billion to European economic recovery
Fight USSR with $$$
US adopts policy of containment to stop communism from spreading
Division of Germany
US, France, Great Britain vs Russia
Berlin (capital) in East (USSR territory), USSR tries to block all Western influence
Berlin Air Lift – combined effort of Western powers to provide food, supplies to West Berlin
Late 1949, Federal Republic of Germany set up in West, German Democratic Republic set up in east
FRG (West) creates new capital in Bonn

5. Spread of the Cold War New Alliances East vs West Germany
1949 – China becomes communist, USSR explodes atomic bomb
Mao Zedong pushes for communism in China (Great Leap Forward)
Arms race begins between US/USSR
1949 – North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) – Alliance of West Europe and North America
1955 – Warsaw Pact – Alliance of East Europe and USSR
East vs West Germany
1961 – Berlin Wall created to prevent East Germans from escaping to West Germany
Nikita Krushchev in charge of USSR, creation of wall

6. Exit Slip
In your opinion, what was the biggest factor in the US and USSR disagreeing with each other?
What was the purpose of the Truman Doctrine? The Marshall Plan?

7. Korean War (1950-1953) 1905-1945 – Korea owned by Japanese
1945 – US, USSR decide to split Korea after defeat of Japan
Split at 38th parallel
North – USSR
South – US
By 1950, communism vs capitalism
June 1950 – North invades South
Pushed out by July
Chinese send large forces, push back to 38th parallel, where border is today
Armistice signed in 1953

8. Cuban Missile Crisis (1959-1963)
Cuban Revolution
1959 – Fidel Castro takes Cuba, supported by USSR
Now within 90 miles of US
Bay of Pigs Invasion
April 1961 – JFK’s planned invasion of Cuba
Failure of CIA to land Cuban exiles and take island back
Cuban Missile Crisis
USSR has weapons in Cuba
US understandably fears USSR weapons, but they also hold weapons in Turkey…BORDERING USSR
1962 – US blockades Cuba to prevent Russian fleet from carrying weapons to them
“Your rockets are in Turkey. You are worried by Cuba…because it is 90 miles from the American coast. But Turkey is next to us.” – Krushchev
Does he have an argument?

9. Vietnam (1959-1975) Alliances U.S. Concerns The War
North – Soviets & East
South – US & West
U.S. Concerns
Domino Theory – If communists succeed in South Vietnam, other Asian nations would fall
The War
Starts out as light warfare, eventually draft issued and thousands serve
1968 – Tet Offensive turns tide of war in favor of communists
1969 – Conscription begins in US
Heavy protests, Americans not wanting to participate
Early 70s – Laos and Cambodia fall to Soviet forces
Despite more money and equipment, South falls to North in 1975 at Saigon

10. Soviet Union/Eastern Europe
Stalin to Krushchev
Stalin ( )
Heavy industry pushed
Atom bomb in 1953
Oppresses science, literature
Nikita Krushchev (‘53-’64)
Begins de-stalinization, science and lit. benefit
Sputnik I launches in ’57
Lost job b/c of Cuban Missile Crisis
Behind the Iron Curtain
Communism forced from ‘45-’47
Revolts take place, but Soviets able to squash them
Yugoslavia and Freedom Fighters only group to succeed

11. Western Europe Recovery Unity France West Germany Great Britain
Charles de Gaulle created Fourth and Fifth Republics
Puts France on world stage, explodes 1st nuclear bomb in 1960
West Germany
Konrad Adenauer chancellor
Post-war economic growth, “economic miracle”
Great Britain
Welfare state – gov’t takes responsibility for providing citizens with means to live
Bc of this, couldn’t maintain colonies, breaks apart empire
Unity
1957 – European Economic Community created
Powerful trading bloc, or nations with a common purpose
Free trade (no tariffs) between nations

12. North America American Development
Period of economic boom after WWII
Sen. Joe McCarthy begins Red Scare – fear communists had infiltrated U.S.
1954 – Brown v. Board of Education makes segregation illegal
Lyndon B. Johnson ( ) pursues welfare state
Martin Luther King, Jr. leads civil rights movement, helps create Civil Rights Act in 1964
Canada emerges as a power in North America
Help from American investment, desire to grow industry in country

13. Exit Slip
List three ways Nikita Krushcev’s Russia differ from the Russia of Stalin.
How would you define the European Economic Community (EEC)?
Give an example of the change the United States was experiencing during the Cold War.

14. Brezhnev Era in Russia Leonid Brezhnev (1964-1982)
Followed Krushchev
Allowed détente, or relaxed relations between US/USSR
Struggles of the USSR
Brezhnev encouraged heavy industry
Leads to no incentive amongst farmers to do anything outside provide for themselves
Gov’t becomes corrupt by 70’s
Weak gov’t, weak economy, poor working conditions leading to weak Russia

15. Fall of the Soviet Union
Rising/Falling Tension
1979 – USSR invades Afghanistan, ruins relations
Pres. Carter removes US from ‘80 Olympics (Moscow)
1980 – Reagan elected – US backs Afghans, begins new arms race with USSR
Gorbachev and a New USSR
1985 – Mikhail Gorbachev takes power in USSR
Begins policy of glasnost (openness in discussion of public policy) and perestroika (restructuring of policy)
US & USSR both running up debt with military policy, choose to pull back on nuclear arms race
Gorbachev also ends aid to Communist gov’ts in Eastern Europe
Peaceful revolution sweeps Europe in ‘89, Same year elected legislature meets in USSR, Germany reunified in Oct. ‘90

16. The New Russia End of the Soviet Union Boris Yeltsin (‘91-’99)
USSR included 92 ethnic groups and 112 different languages
Bc of release of grip by “Iron Fist” in Moscow, groups begin nationalist movements for independence
By the end of 1991, USSR had dissolved
Boris Yeltsin (‘91-’99)
Followed Gorbachev
Oversaw beginning of new Russian era
Vladimir Putin (’00-’08, ‘12-Present)
Continued economic moves forward
Most recently, Ukraine crisis (still ongoing)

17. 3-2-1 Exit Slip 3 Things you learned 2 Things you found interesting
1 Thing you still have questions about

18. Eastern Europe – 80s-90s Revolution Disintegration of Yugoslavia
Gorbachev’s removal of funding to communist regimes means change
Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania each experience change, removal of communism
Disintegration of Yugoslavia
Remained separate from USSR, despite being communist
6 republics and 2 provinces made up nation, begin to call for independence in 1990
Bloody revolution takes place against communist leader Josip Tito

19. Western Europe – 80s-90s France Germany Great Britain
Experienced a shift from socialist policy in 80s to conservatism in 90s
Germany
Willy Brandt, chancellor of West, signs a treaty with East in 1972
New focus on building Germany, conservative groups brought to power
Great Britain
Faced constant fighting between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland
Margaret Thatcher leader of GB during ‘80s
Thatcherism – Saw industrial zones prosper at the expense of non-industrialized areas of GB

20. North America – 80s-90s United States Canada
At home, Reagan cut back on welfare state spending, using $$$ for military
Pushed budget deficit to 3x its amount in 70s
Succeeded by Bush Sr. and Clinton
Canada
Biggest issue is the fate of Quebec
People of Quebec wanted to secede, Canadian Supreme Court said “no”
Needed a unanimous decision

21. New Future of the West How have things changed in the following areas:
Technology?
Popular Culture?
Religion?
New concerns?