1. Hawaii China Japan Cuba Puerto Rico Philippines Panama
US Imperialism
Hawaii
China
Japan
Cuba
Puerto Rico
Philippines
Panama

2. Annexation of Hawaii US covets Hawaii for naval base and sugar
America investments in Hawaii increase throughout 1800s
By 1870s, US controlled majority of Hawaiian trade & land

3. Annexation of Hawaii Timeline of Events
1875: treaty exempted Hawaiian sugar from US tariffs
1887: Hawaiian Imperialist League forced Kalakaua to sign Bayonet Treaty (US has exclusive rights to Pearl Harbor)
1890 McKinley Tariff negatively impacts Hawaiian sugar economy (subsidies to US sugar producers forced sugar prices to drop)
Hawaiian Imperialist League vs. Queen Liliuokalani
1893: John L. Stevens & Sanford Dole organizes revolt & overthrows Queen L.
Cleveland doesn’t approve annexation of Hawaii after special investigation and orders Dole’s provisional govt. to resign
Dole refuses to resign and Cleveland reluctantly recognizes Dole’s provisional govt.
July 7, 1898: Hawaii is annexed by US (Spanish-American War in 1898)
Provisionalgovernmentofhawaiicabinet.jpg‎

4. Annexation of Hawaii
Hawaiian Imperialist League vs. Queen Liliuokalani
1893: John L. Stevens & Sanford Dole organizes revolt & overthrows Queen L.
Cleveland doesn’t approve annexation of Hawaii after special investigation and orders Dole’s provisional govt. to resign
Dole refuses to resign and Cleveland reluctantly recognizes Dole’s provisional govt.
July 7, 1898: Hawaii is annexed by US (Spanish-American War in 1898)

5. US Involvement in China
US traded with China throughout the 1800s (especially after 1843)
GB, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan carves out spheres of influence in China after 1895
1899: John Hay issues Open Door Policy
All nations have equal access to trade and investment in China
Approved since no country rejected or accepted it

6. US Involvement in China
Fists of Righteous Harmony resented Foreigners’ influence & control
1900- attacked Western missionaries & traders in northern China (Boxer Rebellion)
Foreign countries send troops to China
John Hay negotiates peace between Europe & China (China pays Europe 333 mi. in damages)

7. US & Japan
1854: Matthew Perry’s visit to Tokyo, Japan to open up trade
Japan starts to industrialize and build up navy
1904: Russo-Japanese War
1905: Treaty of Portsmouth
TR negotiates treaty between Russia & Japan
TR wins Nobel Peace Price
1907: TR sends Great White Fleet on goodwill voyage (to remind Japan of US powerful might)

8. US & Japan (continued)
Russo-Japanese War pushed 70,000 Japanese Immigrants to CA
1906 San Francisco Earthquake
Asian Exclusion League formed by CA
Gentleman’s Agreement (1906)
Japanese will stop flow of laborers in US
CA will not ban current Japanese living in US from schools
1908: Root Takahira Agreement
US and Japan pledged to respect each other’s territorial possessions in Pacific and to uphold the Open Door in China

9. 1898 (16 Week War) “Splendid Little War”
Spanish-American War
1898 (16 Week War)
“Splendid Little War”
go.hrw.com
Travelyahoo.com

10. Just a reminder about the… Monroe Doctrine
US Foreign Policy developed in 1823
Stated:
US would not interfere in European colonies in Latin America
But would consider any
new attempts to colonize
in the Western an act of
hostility

11. Causes leading to Spanish-American War
Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894
Placed a restriction on sugar imports
YELLOW JOURNALISM
Cuban struggle for Independence from Spain
“Butcher” General Valeriano Welyler & Reconcentration Camps
Delome Letter
USS Maine Incident

12. Yellow Journalism
Sensational journalism used by journalists to attract readers.
Ex: William Randolph Hearst’s NY Journal &
Ex: Joseph Pulitzer’s NY World
Randolph: “You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war”
William Randolph Hearst
Joseph Pulitzer

13. Influence of Yellow Journalism?
Drawing by Leon Barritt

14. De Lome Letter Spanish Minister to the US: Enrique Dupuy de Lome
Letter Printed in the NY Journal in February,
Criticized President McKinley
McKinley was described as
“weak, and a bidder
for the admiration of
the crowd”
Journal: “The worse
insult to the US in its
history”

15. U.S.S. Maine USS Maine exploded on February 15, 1898
266 of 350 crew died
Sensationalized by
newspapers
“Remember the Maine!
Hell with Spain!”
-Newspapers concluded that
explosion was from a
submarine mine

16. <> Captain Sigsbee
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Captain Sigsbee

18. US Reacts… Influence of Yellow Journalism
Public Demands War
McKinley, reluctantly, issues war
to Congress on April 11, 1898
Congress declares war on Spain in April 25
Teller Amendment issued by Congress
Cuban would be given freedom after War

19. Locations of Major Battles
Manila Bay (Philippines)
George Dewey
Emilio Aguinaldo
Kettle Hill (near Santiago)
Rough Riders led by TR & Leonard Wood
San Juan Hill
Rough Riders were sensationalized in newspapers
Santiago Harbor
Blockade
Armistice signed on August 12, 1898
brdewey.gif

20. Spanish-American War Aftermath
5400 of 300,000 lost their lives
Only 379 died from battle casualties
Treaty of Paris signed on December 10, 1898
Major Points
Cuba becomes independent.
Puerto Rico and Guam are given to the US.
US pays Spain $20 million for the annexation of the Philippines.

21. After Cuban Independence…
US military govt. set up by Leonard Wood for provisional govt.
Major advances achieved in govt. finances achieved in govt. finance, education, agriculture, public health…
Walter Reed and William Gorgas led efforts to reduce mosquito pop. & found that mosquitoes caused yellow fever
US withdrew from Cuba (Teller Amendment) however…
Cuba forced to add Platt Amendment in Cuban Constitution
US has right to approve Cuban treaties
US has right to intervene militarily to restore order
US has right to naval & coaling stations (ex: Guantanamo Bay)
Cuba becomes a US protectorate
Puerto Rico
Foraker Act of 1900: Governor & Upper house appointed by US
Jones Act of 1917: Granted Puerto Ricans US citizenship & gave them the right to elect both houses of their legislature
1952: Puerto Rico becomes a self-governing commonwealth of US

22. US & Philippines Imperialist Debate
Pro Imperialism (tend to be Republican)
Anti Imperialism (tend to be Democrat)
Philippines seen as stepping stone for Asia
Foreign Issues would overshadow much needed reform at home
Spread Christianity *
Foreign workers would lower wages at home
New Markets
American Factories may relocate overseas
Raw Materials
Increased Army (higher taxes)
Spreading US influence and democratic values in Asia
Mongrelization of America

23. US & Philippines
Filipinos assumed that their freedom was granted after War (like Cuba) & however, despite provisional govt set up by Aguinaldo, becomes a US protectorate
Open Rebellion led by Emilio Aguinaldo (1899 to 1901)
4300 US & 57,000 Filipinos died
1902: Philippine Govt Act (Organic Act)
US appoints governor & upper house
Jones Act of 1916 :Filipinos elect both
houses
US granted independence to Philippines in
1946

24. US & Panama Canal
1901- John Hay tries to negotiate Hay-Pauncefote treaty with Republic of Colombia which included Panama
Pay Colombia 10 mil. and yearly 250,000 rental
US would receive 6 mile strip of land across isthmus for 99 years
Colombian Senate rejects treaty for better offer
Gunboat Diplomacy (1903)
Philippe Bunau-Varilla negotiates with US for assistance for Panama independence from Colombia
November- Panama revolution
US Marines prevented Colombian forces form reaching rebels
Three days later, US recognizes Panama
Hay Bunau-Varilla Treaty
Similar to Hay Pauncefote treaty, however would cost 40 mil.
Roosevelt (later): “I took the Canal and let Congress Debate”

25. Panama Canal Completed in 1914 Cost over 400 mil.
Organized under John F. Stevens & Colonel George Washington Goethals
William Gorgas helps to eliminate malaria by 1913
SS ANCON becomes first to pass through Canal on August 15, 1914
Significant Engineer achievement

26. Panama Canal