1. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY1 Introduction to PHP MS. SADAF ABBASI abasy@qu.edu.sa

2. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY2 Introduction to PHP PHP Hypertext Preprocessor. –Other Names : Personal Home Page, Professional Home Page Is a server side scripting language. –Capable of generating the HTML pages HTML generates the web page with the static text and images. However the need evolved for dynamic web based application, mostly involving database usage.

3. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY3 CLIENT WEB SERVER HTTP Request (url) Gets Page Hello Interprets the PHP code Server response Browser creates the web page Hello

4. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY4 Why PHP?..there are no. of server side scripting available like ASP, SSJS, JSP….. PHP involves –simplicity in scripting (..generally using the database) –platform independence. PHP is –primarily designed for web applications –well optimized for the response times needed for web applications Is an open source.

5. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY5 PHP Language features PHP language features such as control structures, operators, variable types, function declaration, class/object declaration are almost similar to any compiled or interpreted language such as C or C++.

6. Introduction to PHP Features of PHP It is Free and Open source. Easy to learn but hard to master. Connects with 20+ databases. Version 5+ supports OOP. Multi-platform compatible. SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY6

7. Introduction to PHP The WAMP/LAMP Stack SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY7 Apache is the web server. MYSQL is the database server. PHP is the backend coding language.

8. Introduction to PHP IDEs for PHP development IDE – Integrated Development Environment –Adobe Dreameweaver –Notepad++ –Dev-PHP –Zend Development Studio –PHP Eclipse SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY8

9. Introduction to PHP PHP Trend SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY9

10. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY10 PHP Data Type Three basic data types –Integer –Double –String More data types –Array –Object PHP is an untyped language –variables type can change on the fly.

11. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY 11 PHP Block PHP code block is embedded within the tags. When the server encounters the PHP tags it switches from the HTML to PHP mode. There are four different ways to embed the PHP code – – echo(“Some PHP code”); –

12. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY12 PHP Constants..values that never changes Constants are defined in PHP by using the define() function. –For e.g. define(“NCST”, “ National Centre for Software Technology ”) defined() function says whether the constant exists or not.

13. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY13 PHP Variables The variables in PHP are declared by appending the $ sign to the variable name. –For e.g $company = “NCST”; $sum = 10.0; variable’s data type is changed by the value that is assigned to the variable. Type casting allows to change the data type explicitly.

14. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY14 PHP Variables (cont.) Rich set of functions for working with variable. –For e.g gettype, settype, isset, unset, is_int, intval etc etc

15. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY15 PHP Operators All the operators such as arithmetic, assignment, Comparison, and logical operators are similar to the operators in C and C++. In PHP the string concatenation operator is denoted by ‘.’. –For e.g. $name = “My name is”.$myname;

16. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY16 PHP Statements IF statement if ( ) { //php code goes here } else { //php code goes here } Alternative Syntax if( ) : //html code goes here else : //html code goes here endif;

17. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY17 PHP Statements (cont.) For loop for($i=0;$i < 10;$++i) { echo(“the value is :”. $i); } –Alternative Syntax for($i=0;$i < 10;$++i) : // html code goes here endfor; While loop Do-While loop

18. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY18 Functions Function declaration in PHP function my_func( ) { //do something in the function } –for e.g. function sayHello() { echo(“ hello amrish ”); }

19. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY19 Functions (cont.) Assigning functions to the variables –for e.g $hello = “my_func”; to invoke the function my_func() through the variable $hello( ); When an argument is to be passed by reference, an ampersand (&) is placed before the parameter name –for e.g. my_func(&$my_refvar);

20. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY20 Arrays..contains value set each element has a value, data stored in the element. And has a key by which the element can be referred to.

21. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY21 Initializing Arrays No of ways to initialize the array. –For e.g. $ncststaff[] = “amrish”; $ncststaff[] = “murali”; $ncststaff[] = “narayan”; $ncststaff[123] = “amrish”; $ncststaff[122] = “murali”; $ncststaff[121] = “narayan”; $ncststaff = array (“amrish”, “murali”, “narayan”); –to change the indices of the array use => operator.

22. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY22 Accessing the Array Elements The elements in the array can be accessed by using the list and each constructs –for e.g while(list($key,$value) = each(countries)) echo(“$value \n”); –current( ) gives the current value being accessed. key( ) gives the index of the current element that is being accessed. –prev( ) gives the previous element. –next( ) gives the next element.

23. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY23 Accessing the Array Elements (cont.) –Array_walk(, ) function_name is the function that is written for every member of an array. For e.g $ncststaff = array (“amrish”, “murali”, “narayan”); array_walk ($ncststaff, printstaff); // function to print each element of the array function printstaff($names) { echo “ $names \n”; }

24. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY24 Arrays (cont.) $ncststaff = array (“dake” => array(“amrish”, “lakshana”, “venkat”), “spc” => array(“narayan”, “murali”,“prasad”)); –creates a two dimensional array. Sorting Functions –sort() : sorts the elements in the numeric and alphabetical order. –rsort() : sorts the elements in the reverse order. –asort() : sorts the elements in the array without changing the indices. –ksort() : sorts the arrays by key.

25. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY25 Classes Class is a template of an object and includes the properties and methods that describe an object and behavior. Class in PHP is defined using class statement.

26. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY26 Classes (cont.) For e.g <? class company { // define the properties var $companyname; // define the methods function company($cname) { $this->companyname = $cname; } function getnames($idcode) { //return the name of the employee for the required idcode } ?>

27. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY27 PHP Richness PHP comes with myriad of options i.e. supports several APIs and interfaces to other programming tools such as –Database connectivity. –XML –Mail protocols such as IMAP, SMTP –Image functions etc….

28. Introduction to PHP A. SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY28 Image Generation & Manipulation PHP offers powerful set of functions for generating and manipulating the images. –Rendering regular geometric figures, modifying images –manipulate text, font and color and even the pixels in the image. ….creating the images on the fly.

29. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY29 Image Generation & Manipulation (cont.) PHP uses the GD library for the most of the image functionality that it offers. GD library is used for generating the two-dimensional graphics. PHP API’s provides us with functions to: –Create, delete, resize and modify images. –Draw basic geometric figures –Manipulate text and fonts –Manipulate colors –Interlace and manipulate pixels –Handle PostScript files

30. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY30 Mailing functions Sending E-Mails –Mail() Used to send simple text messages. Depends on the local mail delivery system. –Using SMTP Accepts the e-mail for every recipient and goes through trouble of delivering the e-mails. Receiving E-Mails –PHP works out well with the IMAP protocol. –Rich set of support functions Imap_open, impa_delete, imap_close, imap_mail_copy, imap_mail_move etc.

31. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY31 PHP-Database Connectivity Supports APIs for accessing large number of databases. ODBC is a standard API for accessing a database that has PHP support.

32. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY32 PHP-Database Operations Some of operations. –Insert Data –Delete Data –Search Data –Update Data

33. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY33 XML Support in PHP PHP supports a set of functions that can be used for writing PHP-based XML applications. These functions are used for parsing well formed XML document.

34. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY34 References Professional PHP programming –By Jesus Castagnetto, Chris Schollo et al www.phpbuilder.com www.php.net

35. Introduction to PHP SOFTWARE FREEDOM DAY35 THANK YOU