1. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES IN ROMANIA – ADAPTATION OF SPECIES IN EXTREME SITE CONDITIONS Nicolae Ş ofletea** Alexandru Lucian Curtu** Gheorghe Pârnuţă* Marin Tudoroiu * Ecaterina-Nicoleta Chesnoiu* Marius Budeanu* Elena Stuparu* Virgil Scărlătescu* Adrian Lorenţ* Mihai Filat* Maria Teodosiu* Marius Sorin Nică* Mihai Daia*** * Forest Research and Management Planning Institute ** Transylvania University Braşov *** National Forest Administration -ROMSILVA

2. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 Romania takes part in the MCPFE (Ministerial Conferences on the Protection of Forests in Europe) process which has promoted several resolutions to enhance the conservation on forest biodiversity in general, and forest genetic resources, in particular

3. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 Strasbourg 1990- S2 Conservation of Forest Genetic Resources,Strasbourg 1990- S2 Conservation of Forest Genetic Resources, Helsinki, 1993 – H2 General Guidelines for the Conservation of the Biodiversity of European Forests, andHelsinki, 1993 – H2 General Guidelines for the Conservation of the Biodiversity of European Forests, and Viena, 2003 - V4 Conserving and Enhancing Forest Biological Diversity in EuropeViena, 2003 - V4 Conserving and Enhancing Forest Biological Diversity in Europe

4. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 On European level the European Forest Genetic Resources Programme (EUFORGEN)Programme was launched in 1994 under IPGRI coordination (now called Bioversity International), as an instrument for implementation of S2 Resolution. On European level the European Forest Genetic Resources Programme (EUFORGEN) Programme was launched in 1994 under IPGRI coordination (now called Bioversity International), as an instrument for implementation of S2 Resolution. On European level the EUFGIS (Establishment of an European Information System on Forest Genetic Resources) Project is underway and Romania is a participant (ICAS being the national focal centre)

5. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 Romania is a participant in the EUFORGEN Programme which has developed the conservation methods for tree species. A dynamic gene conservation strategy is based on: the maintenance of the evolutionary processes within tree population to safeguard their potential for continuous adaptation: in their natural habitats (in situ), or outside their natural range in artificial (planted) sites (ex situ). the maintenance of the evolutionary processes within tree population to safeguard their potential for continuous adaptation: in their natural habitats (in situ), or outside their natural range in artificial (planted) sites (ex situ).

6. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 The main objective of FGR conservation is to ensure the adaptability of species and populations in a changing environment, by maintaining an adequate level of genetic varability THE OBJECTIVE OF FGR CONSERVATION

7. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 METHODOLOGY ESTABLISHMENT OFFGR : A. ESTABLISHMENT OF FGR :  The method used is in accordance with: - the Fellow up Committee recommendations for applying the S2 Resolution, Strasbourg (1990), and - the Fellow up Committee recommendations for applying the S2 Resolution, Strasbourg (1990), and - Minimum species requirements recommended by EUFORGEN networks - Minimum species requirements recommended by EUFORGEN networks

8. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 ESTABLISHMENT OFFGR : ESTABLISHMENT OF FGR :  the FGR is formed by a core zone (the properly genetic resource which has minimum 10 ha of surface) and a buffer zone which surrounds the core zone and has a protection role  Establishing a FGR implied several phases (activities): 1- field exploration; 2- sampling; 3- description and field materialization; 4- evidence; 5- classification (genetic evaluation) of FGR; 6- establishment of management measures

9. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 B. Setting up of the GIS database and elaboration of digital maps on national level: in the field: identification and determination of all in situ FGR’s coordinates  in the field: identification and determination of all in situ FGR’s coordinates  in the office: elaboration of database and digital maps using ArcGIS-ArcInfo 9.2 software

10. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 RESULTS I. Elaboration of National Register of Forest Genetic Resources (FGR) II.Technical Guidelines for sustainable management of FGR III. Elaboration of GIS database and digital maps concerning the FGR

11. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 I. Elaboration of National Register of Forest Genetic Resources (FGR) - There were established 698 FGR of conservation units for 45 main forest tree species and 31 secondary forest tree species - There were established 698 FGR of conservation units for 45 main forest tree species and 31 secondary forest tree species - The FGR are presented in detail in register sheets - The FGR are presented in detail in register sheets

12. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 The FGR Register sheets contain details on the following items: -Administration (County forest administration, Forest district) -Administrative localization (management unit and compartment); -Surface; -Description of the site and stand conditions (including geographic coordinates) of the core zone, and the composition of the buffer zone.

13. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 Each FGR has an unique code. For each oh the FGR there are presented: -Name; -Conservation type (in situ sau ex situ); -Origin; -Present ownership (public of state or of territorial administrative units, and private of natural persons or companies, associations).

14. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 County Forest district Management unit Management compartment Surface FGR CORE ZONE Latitude N Longitude E Altitude (m) Bedrock Relief Aspect Slope Annual mean temperature Mean temperature of the coldest month Mean temperature of the warmest month Minimum absolute temperature Maximum absolute temperature Annual precipitation/vegetation period precipitation Stand: Regeneration type: Composition: Crown density of the stand: Age (years) : Production class. : Structure: Selected seed stand code: Register sheet

15. A EASTERN CARPATHIANS, A1 WESTERN RANGE Region of provenances: A 110 Norway spruce forests Code: RG-MO/FA,BR,PAM-A110-1 in situ Conservation Name: Bătrâna Ownership: public of state Origin: autochthonous Mureş O.S. Gurghiu U.P. VI Lăpuşna 39B,40B,41A,42A,43B,44B 112,8 ha 46 0 50 l 25 0 17 l 1140 – 1515 andesites Valley side SV 28° 5,0°C - 7,5°C 12,4°C - 27,6°C 35,6°C 900/470 mm Bătrâna Natural seeding 9MO1FA 0,7 140 II Relatively uneven aged MO–A110 (rezonanţă) Genetic Resource: NORWAY SPRUCE (for resonance) Associated: beach, silver fir, sycamore maple Shrubs: - BUFFER ZONE: u.a. 39A,40D,41B,42C,43C,44A Surface: 58,4 ha Species: Norway spruce, beech Regeneration: natural seeding, plantations; age: 22 – 177 years; crown density: 0,6 – 0,8

16. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 Nr. crt. Species Core zone Buffer zone Total Number Surface (ha) 1Picea abies (L.) Karst.892514,405975,708490,10 2Abies alba Mill.611314,504672,905987,40 4Larix decidua Mill.30288,201426,601714,80 5Pinus cembra L.428,10218,60246,70 6Pinus sylvestris L.22300,10864,101164,20 7Pinus mugo Turra133,9016,3050,20 8 Pinus nigra ssp. banatica (Borb.) Novak122,8060,4083,20 9Taxus baccata L.118,5091,50110,00 TOTAL2094520,50 13326,1 0 17846,6 0 FGR for autochthonous conifer species

17. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 Nr. crt. Species Core zone Buffer zone Total Number Surface (ha) 1Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl.10,9030,1031,00 2Pinus nigra ssp. nigra Arn.15139,90489,10629,00 3Pinus strobus L.114,2040,4054,60 4 Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirbel) Franco952,00399,20451,20 5 Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco15,2032,7037,90 6Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.23,5034,9038,40 TOTAL29215,701026,401242,10 FGR for nonautochthonous conifer species

18. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 Nr. crt. Species Core zone Buffer zone Total Number Surface (ha) 1Fagus sylvatica L.1233106,408696,6011803,00 2 Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. ssp. petraea (Liebl.)811997,904689,406687,30 3Quercus robur L.54963,302651,403614,70 4 Quercus cerris L.26233,601287,901521,50 5 Quercus frainetto Ten.20243,70966,101209,80 6 Quercus pedunculiflora K.Koch15267,40449,40716,80 7 Quercus pubescens Willd.210,50296,00306,50 8 Quercus rubra L.831,00175,50206,50 9 Quercus palustris Muenchh.210,8057,4068,20 10 Acer pseudoplatanus L.14131,001007,001138,00 11 Acer platanoides L.432,80331,80364,60 12 Prunus avium L.214,4093,00107,40 13 Fraxinus excelsior L.24182,101493,801675,90 FGR for autochthonous broadleaves

19. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 FGR for autochthonous broadleaves Nr. crt. Species Core zone Buffer zone Total Number Surface (ha) Surface (ha) Surface (ha) 14 Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.14168,50650,40818,90 15 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.10,6010,0010,60 16 Tilia cordata Mill.7115,70520,60636,30 17 Tilia platyphyllos Scop.357,90114,20172,10 18 Tilia tomentosa Moench.16302,201045,701347,90 19 Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.527,10260,60287,70 20 Alnus incana (L.) Moench.14,308,2012,50 21 Alnus viridis (D.C.) Chaix18,5016,3024,80 22 Castanea sativa Mill.226,1047,6073,70 23 Populus alba L.949,40198,70248,10 24 Populus nigra L.315,2068,7083,90 25 Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle.12,901,404,30 TOTAL4388003,3025137,7033141,00

20. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 FGR for nonautochthonous broadleaves Nr. crt. Species Core zone Buffer zone Total Number Surface (ha) 1 Robinia psudacacia L.11144,10383,30527,40 2 Juglans nigra L.724,15189,80213,95 3 Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch.12,6017,3019,90 4 Ulmus pumila L.12,100,002,10 5 Platanus hybrida Brot.11,257,608,85 6 Corylus colurna L.19,1020,4029,50 TOTAL22183,30618,40801,70

21. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 Nr. crt. Conservatio n type Number of FGR FGR Core zone Surface (ha) % 1in situ57712049,393,24 2ex situ121873,56,76 Total69812922,8100,00 FGR classification depending on the conservation type

22. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 Nr. crt. Ownership type Number of FGR FGR Core zone Surface (ha)% 1Public state5219805,875,88 2 Public of territorial administrative units 901491,211,54 3 Private of natural persons 23407,53,15 4 Private of companies 53949,27,35 5 Mixed (public and private) 11269,12,08 Total69812922,8 100,0 0 FGR classification by the ownership type

23. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 Nr.crt. Protected area typeNumber of FGR FGR Core zone Surface (ha) % 1National park21414,93,21 2Natural park12206,31,60 3Scientific reserve3117,80,91 4Natural reserve17377,92,92 5 Biosphere Reserve312,30,10 6Park Forest512,40,10 7Secular forest31671,29 TOTAL641308,610,13 TOTAL GENERAL69812922,8100,00 FGR in protected areas

24. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 They were elaborated based on: the existing data from the Romanian and foreign literature: Geburek, Th. & Turok, J. / Editors, 2005: Conservation and Management of Forest Genetic Resources in Europe, Arbora Publishers, Zvolen, 2005, 694 p. the existing data from the Romanian and foreign literature: Geburek, Th. & Turok, J. / Editors, 2005: Conservation and Management of Forest Genetic Resources in Europe, Arbora Publishers, Zvolen, 2005, 694 p. the scientific results obtained within COREGE- FOREST Project the scientific results obtained within COREGE- FOREST Project II. Technical Guidelines for sustainable management of FGR

25. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 PROPOSED MEASURES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF FGR Group I: Forests with mainly protection functions Sub group 5: Forests with scientific importance for gene pool and ecological protection; 5H – Forests selected for seed production and or forest gene pool conservation (T. II). THE CORE ZONE of the FGR The Core zone’s management compartments are set in the I 5H functional category

26. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 THE CORE ZONE must beneficiate of total conservation and is excluded from exploitation (T II –wood production is not planed) There are allowed only special conservation operations, sanitary cuttings, extraction of injured trees (by wind, isects, pollution) etc.

27. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 THE BUFFER ZONE The management compartments from this zone are set in the I 5L functional category Group I: Forests with mainly protection functions 5L - Forests situated in the protection areas (buffer zones) of the scientific reserves, from the National parks, or other reserves.

28. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 PROPOSED MEASURES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF FGR THE BUFFER ZONE THE BUFFER ZONE  There should be applied all the necessary measures to ensure its protection role of the core zone.  The improvement cuttings are allowed and the adequate treatment methods are those which imply a long regeneration period  Only intensive treatment methods are recommended, depending on the forest type, according to the present ”Technical Guidelines for choosing the treatment method

29. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 RESULTS Setting up of GIS database and elaboration of digital maps concerning the FGR  A GIS database for in situ and ex situ FGR was created using ArcGIS – ArcINFO 9.2 software in Personal Geodatabase format  There were elaborated 29 maps for the 45 forest tree species for which were established FGR  The maps are realized on a 1:3000000 scale and they contain the FGR localization on regions of provenances and basic material categories for production of FRM

30. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010

35. FGR IN EXTREME SITE CONDITIONS FGR situated at high altitude From regions of provenances: 1D – Larch forests zone, pure or mixed with Norway spruce 1D – Larch forests zone, pure or mixed with Norway spruce CodeCounty Forest district/ Management unit/ Management compartment Surface (ha)LatitudeLongitude Altitude (m) Annual precip./ precip. in vegetation period (mm) Mean annual temp. ( 0 C) RG-LA,MO- A21D-1Neamt O.S. Bicaz/UP I/ua 58B, 59B, 60C 179,5 46 0 55’ 25 0 54‘ 1100- 1800926/620 7,1 0 C 1E – Cembra pine forests zone, pure or mixed with Norway spruce RG-PIC,MO- C11E-1 HunedoaraO.S. Retezat 33,445 0 20’ 22 0 50’ 1600- 1860900/460 4,7

36. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 CodeCounty Forest district/ Management unit/ Management compartmentSurface (ha)LatitudeLongitude Altitude (m) Annual precip./ precip. in vegetation period (mm) Mean annual temp. ( 0 C) RG-MO, PI/ME- A21Ce-1Suceava OS Dorna Candrenilor /UPV Dornisoara/ 2A,3A,3E64,8047 0 18'25 0 8’915-924830-3906,6 1Ce – Norway spruce forests on swampy soils 1Ce – Norway spruce forests on swampy soils

37. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 5Be – Termophil Sessile oak forests mixed with other broadleaved species 5Be – Termophil Sessile oak forests mixed with other broadleaved species 6 De –Termophil Pedunculate oak forests on sandy soils 6 De –Termophil Pedunculate oak forests on sandy soils CodeCounty Forest district/ Management unit/ Management compartment Surface (ha)LatitudeLongitude Altitude (m) Annual precip./ precip. in vegetation period (mm) Mean annual temp. ( 0 C) RG-PIN/FA- D15Be-1 Caras- Severin OS Moldova Noua/UP V Moldova/ 24C6,1044 0 40'21 0 45’430-500810/4609,8 RG-ST- K29Be-2Satu Mare OS Satu Mare/ UPI Noroieni/ 59C4,9047 0 47'22 0 54’120700/4009,7 RG-ST/CA,JU- K29Be-1Satu Mare OS Satu Mare/ UPI Noroieni/ 27A,2827,7047 0 47'22 0 54’120700/4009,7 RG-SC/ML- K26De-1Satu Mare OS Carei/ UPIII Foieni/ 57L1,4047 0 42'22 0 24’130625/3609,5 RG-SC/ML- K26De-2Satu Mare OS Carei/ UPIII Foieni/ 58A3,3047 0 42'22 0 54’130625/3609,5 RG-SC- K26De-3Bihor OS Sacueni/ UPIV Valea lui Mihai/ 62A23,2047 0 32'22 0 10’140618/37010,5

38. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 8Ae – Isolated islands of forests in steppe region 8Ae – Isolated islands of forests in steppe region CodeCounty Forest district/ Management unit/ Management compartment Surface (ha)LatitudeLongitude Altitude (m) Annual precip./ precip. in vegetation period (mm) Mean annual temp. ( 0 C) RG- STB/STP,CE,PR,MJ,JU,CR-I28Ae-1Constanta OS Baneasa/ UPI Dumbraveni/ 74A17,4044 0 30'28 0 5’140440/23011,5 RG- STB/SC,CD,ULC,P R-H28Ae-2Braila OS Ianca/ UPVIII Gradiste/ 34B, 37B 3,7045 0 11'27 0 36’22500/28510,5 RG- STB/SC,ST,ULC- H28Ae-3Braila OS Ianca/ UPVI Viisoara/ 31C,32A,32F,51B 20,3045 0 10'27 0 36’30500/28510,5 RG-FR/ST,SC- H28Ae-1Braila OS Ianca/ UPVII Camnita/ 38A 1,2045 0 17' 27 0 36’ 25500/28510,5 RG- STB/ST,FRL,PR,DD,JU,AR-H28Ae-1Ialomita OS Slobozia/ UPI Buiasca/ 86A12,6044 0 23'26 0 35’40450/24511,3 RG-ULT/STB- H28Ae-1Braila OS Lacu Sarat/ UPI Lacu Sarat/ 29A 2,1045 0 35'28 0 0’30440/28011,1

39. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 8 Be – Grayish oak forests on sandy soils 8 Be – Grayish oak forests on sandy soils CodeCounty Forest district/ Management unit/ Management compartment Surface (ha)LatitudeLongitude Altitude (m) Annual precip./ precip. in vegetation period (mm) Mean annual temp. ( 0 C) RG- STB,FR,NUA/ST,GO, CAP-H28Be-1Galati OS Hanu Conachi/ UPIV Hanu Conachi/ 40C,40D,41C4,3045 0 40'23 0 15’20420/25010,5 RG-SC-H28Be-1Braila OS Ianca/UPVI Viisoara/ 62A,B30,6045 0 10'27 0 3’30450/25511,6 RG-SC/GL,JU,CA- H28Be-2Buzau OS Buzau/ UPI Rusetu/ 9B,10A,10C,1 1C,11E,17A5,0044 0 45'27 0 5’60512/32410,5

40. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 9 Be – Pedunculate oak forest on swampy soils 9 Be – Pedunculate oak forest on swampy soils CodeCounty Forest district/ Management unit/ Management compartment Surface (ha)LatitudeLongitude Altitude (m) Annual precip./ precip. in vegetation period (mm) Mean annual temp. ( 0 C) RG-ST-K29Be-2Satu Mare OS Satu Mare/ UPI Noroieni/ 59C4,9047 0 47'22 0 54’120700/4009,7 RG-ST/CA,JU-K29Be-1Satu Mare OS Satu Mare/ UPI Noroieni/ 27A,2827,7047 0 47'22 0 54’120700/4009,7

41. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 Taxodium distichum FGR from Danube Delta, Tulcea Forest District

42. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 Quercus peduculiflora FGR in steppe conditions, Buzau Forest district

43. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 Pedunculate oak FGR on sandy soils in Carei Forest district

44. TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 TREEBREEDEX SEMINAR, Bucharest 23-25 February 2010 Pubescent Oak on rocky soils (in Aiud Forest district)