1. + V (Volt) = W (work done, J) Q (charge, C)
4.2 Potential difference ( pd ) and power
Potential Difference:
* is defined as the work done (or energy transfer) per unit charge
V (Volt) = W (work done, J)
Q (charge, C) + B
If 1J of work is done in moving 1 C
of positive charge from A to B then the
Pd is 1V + A
1V = 1 J / C

2. + V (Volt) = W (work done, J) Q (charge, C)
4.2 Potential difference ( pd ) and power
Potential Difference:
* is defined as the work done (or energy transfer) per unit charge
V (Volt) = W (work done, J)
Q (charge, C) + B
If 1J of work is done in moving 1 C
of positive charge from A to B then the
Pd is 1V + A
1V = 1 J / C

3. + V (Volt) = W (work done, J) Q (charge, C)
4.2 Potential difference ( pd ) and power
Potential Difference:
* is defined as the work done (or energy transfer) per unit charge
V (Volt) = W (work done, J)
Q (charge, C) + B
If 1J of work is done in moving 1 C
of positive charge from A to B then the
Pd is 1V + A
1V = 1 J / C

4. + V (Volt) = W (work done, J) Q (charge, C)
4.2 Potential difference ( pd ) and power
Potential Difference:
* is defined as the work done (or energy transfer) per unit charge
V (Volt) = W (work done, J)
Q (charge, C) + B
If 1J of work is done in moving 1 C
of positive charge from A to B then the
Pd is 1V + A
1V = 1 J / C

5. + V (Volt) = W (work done, J) Q (charge, C)
4.2 Potential difference ( pd ) and power
Potential Difference:
* is defined as the work done (or energy transfer) per unit charge
V (Volt) = W (work done, J)
Q (charge, C) + B
If 1J of work is done in moving 1 C
of positive charge from A to B then the
Pd is 1V + A
1V = 1 J / C

6. V Voltage or pd: * is electrical pressure * causes current to flow
* is measured in Volts (V)
with a voltmeter in parallel
1.5 V
1.5 V
1.5 V
1.5 V
1.5 V
1.5 V V
1.5 V

7. V Voltage or pd: * is electrical pressure * causes current to flow
* is measured in Volts (V)
with a voltmeter in parallel
1.5 V
1.5 V
1.5 V
1.5 V
1.5 V
1.5 V V
1.5 V

8. V Voltage or pd: * is electrical pressure * causes current to flow
* is measured in Volts (V)
with a voltmeter in parallel
1.5 V
1.5 V
1.5 V
1.5 V
1.5 V
1.5 V V
1.5 V

9. - - Voltages in series circuits
The cell gives electrical potential energy
to each electron – even when not connected -
J J J - J
* Work is done by an electron when passing through a component.
* Some of the electron’s electrical potential energy is transferred to heat and light.
* The work done per coulomb of charge is called the potential difference across
the component

10. - - Voltages in series circuits
The cell gives electrical potential energy
to each electron – even when not connected -
J J J - J
* Work is done by an electron when passing through a component.
* Some of the electron’s electrical potential energy is transferred to heat and light.
* The work done per coulomb of charge is called the potential difference across
the component

11. - - Voltages in series circuits
The cell gives electrical potential energy
to each electron – even when not connected -
J J J - J
* Work is done by an electron when passing through a component.
* Some of the electron’s electrical potential energy is transferred to heat and light.
* The work done per coulomb of charge is called the potential difference across
the component

12. Voltages in series circuits

13. Voltages in series circuits4
3 V 4

14. voltage transfer filament light
The higher the v……... of the battery the more energy
the electrons can t………... to the bulbs.
voltage
transfer
filament
light
The bulb f………. heats up.
Some of this heat energy is transformed to l…... energy.

15. Voltages in series circuits4
3 V 4

16. Voltages in series circuits
In a series circuit
the voltage is shared
across components
1.5 V
1.5 V

17. Voltages in series circuits
In a series circuit
the voltage is shared
across components

18. Voltages in series circuits
In a series circuit
the voltage is shared
across components V V

19. Voltages in series circuits4
3 V 4 V V V A
3.0 V
0.1 A
In a series circuit
the voltage is shared
across components V V
3 V 4
3 V 4

20. The current flowing drops.
Voltages in series circuits
3 V 4
3 V 4 V V V A
3.0 V
0.1 A
Each bulb adds more
resistance to the
series circuit.
The current flowing drops.
The voltage across
each bulb drops
In a series circuit
the voltage is shared
across components V V
3 V 4
3 V 4

21. V (Volt) = W (work done, J) Q (charge, C)
4.2 Potential difference ( pd ) and power
Problem:
If 30 J of work is done when 5C of charge passes through a component,
calculate the potential difference across the component.
V (Volt) = W (work done, J)
Q (charge, C)
V = J = 6 V
5 C

22. V (Volt) = W (work done, J) Q (charge, C)
4.2 Potential difference ( pd ) and power
Problem:
If 30 J of work is done when 5C of charge passes through a component,
calculate the potential difference across the component.
V (Volt) = W (work done, J)
Q (charge, C)
V = J = 6 V
5 C

23. moves through the source
4.2 Potential difference ( pd ) and power
EMF Electromotive force of a source of electricity:
* is defined as the electrical energy produced per
unit charge passing through the source
W ( J) = (Volt) X Q ( C)
Electrical energy
produced when charge Q
moves through the source

24. For a component with

25. For a component with

26. For a component with

27. For a component with

28. For a component with

29. For a component with

30. For a component with