1. Monitoring Equipment and Detection Devices Chapter 14

2. Training Outline Basic Instrument Principles. Read examples presented in the manuals Basic Instrument Principles. Read examples presented in the manuals Demonstration of Instruments and Detection Devices. Demonstration of Instruments and Detection Devices. Hands-on Practice. Hands-on Practice. Basic Instrument Principles. Read examples presented in the manuals Basic Instrument Principles. Read examples presented in the manuals Demonstration of Instruments and Detection Devices. Demonstration of Instruments and Detection Devices. Hands-on Practice. Hands-on Practice.

3. Instrument Types Compound Specific vs. Non-Compound Specific. Compound Specific vs. Non-Compound Specific. Diffusion (passive) vs. Sample Draw (active). Diffusion (passive) vs. Sample Draw (active). Compound Specific vs. Non-Compound Specific. Compound Specific vs. Non-Compound Specific. Diffusion (passive) vs. Sample Draw (active). Diffusion (passive) vs. Sample Draw (active).

4. Interpreting Results Accuracy Accuracy Detection Limit Detection Limit Sensitivity Sensitivity Interferences Interferences Accuracy Accuracy Detection Limit Detection Limit Sensitivity Sensitivity Interferences Interferences

5. Instrument Requirements Within its Calibration Period. Within its Calibration Period. Passes Basic Function Test. Passes Basic Function Test. Operates and is Accurate within the Required Concentration Ranges. Operates and is Accurate within the Required Concentration Ranges. Interference are Known. Interference are Known. Operates within the Temperature, Pressure and Humidity Ranges Likely to be Present. Operates within the Temperature, Pressure and Humidity Ranges Likely to be Present. Within its Calibration Period. Within its Calibration Period. Passes Basic Function Test. Passes Basic Function Test. Operates and is Accurate within the Required Concentration Ranges. Operates and is Accurate within the Required Concentration Ranges. Interference are Known. Interference are Known. Operates within the Temperature, Pressure and Humidity Ranges Likely to be Present. Operates within the Temperature, Pressure and Humidity Ranges Likely to be Present.

6. Specific Types of Instruments Combustible Gas Indicators. Combustible Gas Indicators. Electrochemical Sensors. Electrochemical Sensors. Colorimetric Detector Tubes. Colorimetric Detector Tubes. Flame Ionization Detectors. Flame Ionization Detectors. Radiation Detectors. Radiation Detectors. Combustible Gas Indicators. Combustible Gas Indicators. Electrochemical Sensors. Electrochemical Sensors. Colorimetric Detector Tubes. Colorimetric Detector Tubes. Flame Ionization Detectors. Flame Ionization Detectors. Radiation Detectors. Radiation Detectors.

7. CGI Warnings At least 16% oxygen must be present. At least 16% oxygen must be present. >UEL can poison sensor. >UEL can poison sensor. Specific compounds can damage sensor. Specific compounds can damage sensor. Accurate only for calibrant gas used. Accurate only for calibrant gas used. Evacuation: >10% LEL. Evacuation: >10% LEL. At least 16% oxygen must be present. At least 16% oxygen must be present. >UEL can poison sensor. >UEL can poison sensor. Specific compounds can damage sensor. Specific compounds can damage sensor. Accurate only for calibrant gas used. Accurate only for calibrant gas used. Evacuation: >10% LEL. Evacuation: >10% LEL.

8. CGI Lower Detection Limit Find LEL of calibrant gas Find LEL of calibrant gas - Methane LEL = 5.3% = 53,000 ppm Lowest reading from CGI is 1% Lowest reading from CGI is 1% LDL = (53,000 ppm) (0.01) = 530 ppm LDL = (53,000 ppm) (0.01) = 530 ppm

9. Combustible Gas Indicator To determine concentration you need to know: To determine concentration you need to know: - Identity of contaminant. - Calibrant gas - Response curves or conversion factor, if required. - No interfering gases or vapors present. To determine concentration you need to know: To determine concentration you need to know: - Identity of contaminant. - Calibrant gas - Response curves or conversion factor, if required. - No interfering gases or vapors present.

10. CGI: % to PPM Find curves or response factor and adjust meter reading. Find curves or response factor and adjust meter reading. Find % LEL for compound and convert to ppm. Find % LEL for compound and convert to ppm. Multiply LEL (ppm) by adjusted meter reading. Multiply LEL (ppm) by adjusted meter reading. Find curves or response factor and adjust meter reading. Find curves or response factor and adjust meter reading. Find % LEL for compound and convert to ppm. Find % LEL for compound and convert to ppm. Multiply LEL (ppm) by adjusted meter reading. Multiply LEL (ppm) by adjusted meter reading.

11. Electrochemical Sensor Warnings Temperature, humidity, RF, & altitude. Temperature, humidity, RF, & altitude. Interfering gases. Interfering gases. Battery replacement. Battery replacement. Sensor replacement. Sensor replacement.

12. OXYGEN METER Normal atmosphere: 20.9% Normal atmosphere: 20.9% Oxygen deficient: 19.5% Oxygen deficient: 19.5% Oxygen enriched: 23.5% Oxygen enriched: 23.5% Interferences: oxidizers, particulates, and altitude Interferences: oxidizers, particulates, and altitude Accuracy: + 0.5% Accuracy: + 0.5% Normal atmosphere: 20.9% Normal atmosphere: 20.9% Oxygen deficient: 19.5% Oxygen deficient: 19.5% Oxygen enriched: 23.5% Oxygen enriched: 23.5% Interferences: oxidizers, particulates, and altitude Interferences: oxidizers, particulates, and altitude Accuracy: + 0.5% Accuracy: + 0.5%

13. Colorimetric Detector Tubes Function checks Function checks Sampling range Sampling range Interferences Interferences Accuracy Accuracy Function checks Function checks Sampling range Sampling range Interferences Interferences Accuracy Accuracy

14. Photoionization Detectors Lamp eV (10.2 eV) Lamp eV (10.2 eV) Know calibrant gas (isobutylene) Know calibrant gas (isobutylene) Interferences: humidity Interferences: humidity Lamp eV (10.2 eV) Lamp eV (10.2 eV) Know calibrant gas (isobutylene) Know calibrant gas (isobutylene) Interferences: humidity Interferences: humidity

15. Atmospheric Test Sequence Oxygen Level Test. Oxygen Level Test. Combustible Gas Indicator. Combustible Gas Indicator. Specific Chemicals. Specific Chemicals.

16. Ionizing Radiation Alpha Alpha Beta Beta Gamma Gamma X-ray X-ray Alpha Alpha Beta Beta Gamma Gamma X-ray X-ray

17. Emergency Exposure Limits (10 CFR 20) REM = Absorbed dose (Rad) x Q.F. 1.25 REMExposure per calendar quarter 1.25 REMExposure per calendar quarter 5 REMExposure per year 5 REMExposure per year 10 REMMax exposure to mitigate an incident. 10 REMMax exposure to mitigate an incident. 25 REMMax. exposure to save a life. 25 REMMax. exposure to save a life. REM = Absorbed dose (Rad) x Q.F. 1.25 REMExposure per calendar quarter 1.25 REMExposure per calendar quarter 5 REMExposure per year 5 REMExposure per year 10 REMMax exposure to mitigate an incident. 10 REMMax exposure to mitigate an incident. 25 REMMax. exposure to save a life. 25 REMMax. exposure to save a life.

18. Radiation Controls Time Time Distance Distance Shielding Shielding Time Time Distance Distance Shielding Shielding

19. Ionizing Radiation Instruments Survey Meter Survey Meter Fixed Area Detector Fixed Area Detector Self Reading Dosimeter Self Reading Dosimeter Film Badge Film Badge Survey Meter Survey Meter Fixed Area Detector Fixed Area Detector Self Reading Dosimeter Self Reading Dosimeter Film Badge Film Badge

20. Radiation Units Alpha Counts per minute Alpha Counts per minute Beta Rad./hr. or milirems/hr. Beta Rad./hr. or milirems/hr. Gamma Rad/hr., Rem/hr., Roentgen Gamma Rad/hr., Rem/hr., Roentgen X-ray Rad/hr., Rem/hr, Roentgen X-ray Rad/hr., Rem/hr, Roentgen Alpha Counts per minute Alpha Counts per minute Beta Rad./hr. or milirems/hr. Beta Rad./hr. or milirems/hr. Gamma Rad/hr., Rem/hr., Roentgen Gamma Rad/hr., Rem/hr., Roentgen X-ray Rad/hr., Rem/hr, Roentgen X-ray Rad/hr., Rem/hr, Roentgen

21. Monitoring Equipment and Detection Devices SUMMARY Basic Instrument Principles. Basic Instrument Principles. Demonstration of Instruments and Detection Devices. Demonstration of Instruments and Detection Devices. Hands-on Practice. Hands-on Practice. Basic Instrument Principles. Basic Instrument Principles. Demonstration of Instruments and Detection Devices. Demonstration of Instruments and Detection Devices. Hands-on Practice. Hands-on Practice.

22. 1. E-mail question(s) to bogdan@e-esco.combogdan@e-esco.com 2. Your question(s) will be answered asap. QuestionsQuestions ?

23. Monitoring Equipment and Detection Devices EXAM TIME