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Jane C. Schaffer or The High School Writing Process

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1 Jane C. Schaffer or The High School Writing Process

2 Mission Statement The mission of this lesson is to provide students with a writing tool. This is a technical writing tool. Its purpose is to develop a strong foundation for research driven writing.

3 Terminology Thesis: a sentence with a subject and an opinion.
Pre-writing: getting your ideas and concrete details down on paper before you put your essay together in paragraph form. Graphic organizers are used at this stage. Concrete Detail: specific details or facts. In a literary analysis quotes may be used. Commentary: your opinion about something. Depending on what you are writing it could also be more detail to the fact.

4 More Terminology Concluding Sentence: the last sentence in your body paragraphs Shaping the essay: writing the following before you write your first draft: thesis; topic sentence for each body paragraph. Conclusion:the last paragraph in your essay that is all commentary, does not repeat key words, and gives a finished feeling to the whole essay Peer Response: written responses and reactions to a partner’s paper

5 One More Page of Terminology
Ratio: one part concrete detail (CD) to 2+ parts commentary (CM) Word Counts: the minimum length per paragraph to earn a “C.”

6 In your essay keep in mind you are continually going from general to specific.
thesis TS CD CM

7 Thesis Statements A thesis is a general sentence with a subject and an opinion. Example: Australia is the best country of all for a vacation. In this sentence Australia is the subject and is the best country of all for a vacation is the opinion.

8 More Thesis Statements
Tibbetts Middle School is a wonderful place to go to school. Getting braces was one of the best things that could have happened to me.

9 Practice Thesis Statements
Write the following sentences and underline the subject once and the opinion twice: Fishing is fun to do when I’m with my dad. English is my favorite class. It’s exciting to go to a new school. Tacos are my favorite food. I like radio station Star the most.

10 Put your thesis in the middle bubble
Once you develop a thesis statement it is time to use a graphic organizer to expand your thoughts Put your thesis in the middle bubble Branch three other bubbles off of the center bubble. It should look like this: Thesis

11 Topic sentences must relate to your thesis
Topic sentences are what that whole paragraph is going to be about Branch three other bubbles off from the each topic sentence bubble. Topic Sentence Topic Sentence Thesis Topic sentence

12 Concrete details must relate to the topic sentence
Concrete details are very specific They can be a quote if you are writing a literary analysis, or factual information if you are writing a book report Concrete Detail Concrete Detail Concrete Detail Concrete Detail Topic Sentence Topic Sentence Thesis Concrete Detail Concrete Detail Topic sentence Concrete Detail Concrete Detail Concrete Detail

13 Once your bubble cluster is complete you can start creating body paragraphs
Each grouping of one TS and three CDs is a body paragraph Concrete Detail Concrete Detail Topic Sentence Concrete Detail The next step is to add two commentaries to each concrete detail - NOT IN THE BUBBLE CLUSTER

14 Commentary is opinion relating to the concrete detail or fact
Here is the pattern for a body paragraph: TS - topic sentence CD - concrete detail CM - commentary CM -commentary CS - concluding sentence Concrete Detail Concrete Detail Topic Sentence Concrete Detail The last item added to the pattern is the concluding sentence, which can lead the reader to the next paragraph

15 Once your body paragraphs are complete it is time to create an introductory paragraph
An introductory paragraph is used to catch the reader’s attention Your thesis should be the last sentence in your introductory paragraph There are 4 types of introductory paragraphs : Anecdote ( a little story) Dialogue (open conversation) Startling information (sometimes statistics are used) Commentary (open with an opinion)

16 There are other graphic organizers besides the bubble cluster
Spider diagram (like a bubble cluster except you use lines instead of bubbles) Random outline (you just start brainstorming ideas and organize them later) Columns outline (great for comparing two things)

17 Technical Writing list
Literary Analysis Persuasive Essay Biographies Science Fair Papers Research Papers Comparison Contrast Essay Any type of paper in which factual information will be used

18 Writing Tips Be careful with the topic you choose
Think about why you chose that topic If it is too narrow you will get frustrated finding information to write about If it is too broad your piece will sound scattered Find information that will interest your reader


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