1. U.S. HISTORY
SECTION 1.1 AND 1.2
MR. ALLEN

2. ANCIENT CULTURE IN THE AMERICAS
No one is sure when the first Americans arrived, but it is assumed that it may have been 22,000 years ago
When the ice age receded, water lowered to create a land bridge between Asia and Alaska, as illustrated on the next slide

5. BIG GAME HUNTERS Early Americans were big game hunters
As climate grew warmer, big animals no longer thrived
Early Americans hunted smaller game and became fisherman

6. Many ancient groups continued south into Mexico and South America
An agricultural revolution took place 5,000 to 10,000 years ago and they started planting crops
Some N. American cultures remained nomadic, moving from place to place in search of food and water

7. MAYA, AZTEC AND INCAN SOCIETIES FLOURISH
Aztecs settle in the valley of Mexico in the 1200s
Mayan culture existed from 250 to 900AD
In south America around 1400 AD Inca was a powerful and glittering empire that stretched nearly 2500 miles in South America.

8. MAYA, AZTEC AND INCAN SOCIETIES FLOURISH

9. Native American Societies in the 1400s
North America is a region of varying climates, so diverse cultures developed
Southwest – The Pueblo and Pima tribes lived in multistory houses made of stone or adobe
Northeast – Beneath the forest canopy the Iroquois nation hunted fish and game.
NE relied on hunting and SE people relied on the land for food, farming

10. Common characteristics
Patterns of trade
Attitudes toward land use
Beliefs and social values
LAND WAS NOT TRADED – Source of life
THERE WAS AN EXTENSIVE TRADE NETWORK – Forest trails and river routes between tribes all over the continent

11. WEST AFRICA Why review this in a US history class?

12. WEST AFRICA
Important to the study of US history because of the slave trade and its impact
West Africa was home to a variety of sophisticated societies
From this region originated most of the people who were enslaved and brought to the Americas

13. WEST AFRICA
Most West African societies lived in small villages where life revolved around family
Most West Africans believed in a single creator
Trade with the middle east brought about the arrival of Islam
Portuguese began the European slave trade

14. Europe in the 1400s
In the late 1400s, most Europeans also lived in small villages bound to the land
Europeans bound to a social hierarchy based on rank. Monarchs/aristocracy/landowning elite, peasantry
Artists and Merchants achieved social mobility

15. WHAT WAS THE DOMINANT RELIGION IN EUROPE IN THE 1400s?
Christianity was the dominant religion in the 1400s
As Islam and Christianity spread, they came in conflict
This weakened the European nobles and allowed monarchs to consolidate power.
Merchants gained power and helped these new governments through taxes

16. The Reformation Occurred in the 1500s, criticized church practices
Challenged the authority of the pope
Created the tension that would later cause immigration to North America

17. MAJOR NATIONS TAKING SHAPE
PORTUGAL
SPAIN
ENGLAND
FRANCE

18. THE RENAISANCE A CULTURAL AWAKENING IN EUROPE
Resulted in an interest in the physical world that characterized Greece and Rome
Started in Italy, spread from there

19. GOLD
Europe’s gold and silver mines were running low, so the monarchs looked west for wealth.
Longbow and cannons allowed monarchs to dominate first their nobles, than West Africans and Native Americans

20. CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING
HOW DID THE FIRST AMERICANS ARRIVE?
WHAT WAS THE NAME OF 1 EARLY AND ADVANCED AMERICAN CULTURE?
WHY DID WE LOOK AT EUROPE AND AFRICA?

21. CHAPTER 1 SECTION 2
Spanish North America

22. Christopher Columbus
Crossed the Atlantic in 1492 while looking for a sea route to Asia
After 2 months of sailing he reached land
Spent 96 days exploring 4 islands
Brought back gold and slaves
Spanish monarches were thrilled with his discoveries and financed 3 more trips

23. NOTES ON COLONIZATION
The arrival of Europeans devastated the Native Americans with disease, so colonizers turned to Africa
TREATY OF TORDESILLAS – Spain and Portugal agree to divide the Americas between them
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE – Trade between native Americans and Europeans

24. SPAIN CLAIMS AN EMPIRE

25. SPAIN CLAIMS AN EMPIRE
Spanish Explorers took to the sea to claim new wealth for Spain
Taxes from these merchants enriched the monarchy
Hernando Cortez landed in Mexico in 1519 with a force of 508 men, 16 horses and 10 cannons.
They were amazed at the beauty of Aztec lands

26. Continued… Cortez and his men hungered for gold
Montezuma thought that Cortez was a god and gave him some of the empire’s gold supply
Eventually the Aztecs rebelled and tried to drive out the Spaniards.
However, many Native Americans fell victim because of disease and weaponry.

27. Results
In 1521 the Spanish and their Native American allies overran the Aztec Capital Tenochtitlan and the Aztec surrendered
The Spanish oppressed the Native Americans and forced them to work in an encomienda system where NA farmed, ranched or mined for Spanish lords.

28. CHAPTER 1 SECTION 3 EARLY BRITISH COLONIES
JOHN SMITH – ENGLISH MERCHANT
LED THE COLONY AT JAMESTOWN

29. SPANISH INFLUENCE
SPANISH COLONIES FOUNDED BY RULERS/ENGLISH COLONIES BY JOINT STOCK COMPANIES WITH INVESTORS
JAMESTOWN COLONISTS LOOKED FOR GOLD AND NEGLECTED FARMING, ALMOST STARVING

30. TOBACCO BECOMES A CASH CROP
JOHN SMITH FORCES COLONISTS TO FARM, SOON TOBACCO BECOMES A CASH CROP
Tobacco required labor, so Virginia offered 50 acres of land to adventurers.
Indentured servants
African American Slaves first arrived in 1619

31. New England Puritans, seeking freedom of religion
The Pilgrims migrate to America on the Mayflower
Mayflower compact – Important early step in democracy