1. Vocabulary Unit 3 Level E

2. adversary Connotation: neutral
Etymology: early 14c., aduersere, from Anglo-Fr. adverser (13c.), from O.Fr. adversier, from L. adversarius "opponent, adversary, rival," lit. "turned toward one," from adversus "turned against" (see adverse).
Word Structure: prefix ad- means toward; root vers = turn

3. alienate
Connotation: Negative
Etymology:1400–50; late Middle English < Latin aliēnātus  (past participle of aliēnāre), equivalent to aliēn
Word Structure: verb suffix –ate = to become, produce, or treat

4. artifice
Connotation: Negative
Etymology:1525–35; Anglo-French < Latin artificium  craftsmanship, art, craftiness

5. coerce
Connotation: Negative Etymology:1425–75; late Middle English < Latin coercēre to hold in, restrain

6. craven
Connotation: Negative
Etymology:1175–1225; Middle English cravant, cravaunde  defeated < Old French craventé,  past participle of cravanter  to crush, overwhelm

7. culinary
Connotation: Neutral Etymology: 1630–40; < Latin culīnārius of the kitchen, equivalent to culīn = kitchen, food + -ārius

8. demise
Connotation: Negative Etymology:1400–50; late Middle English dimis < Old French demis (past participle of desmetre ) < Latin dīmissum (past participle of dīmittere ); see dismiss

9. exhilarate
Connotation: Positive Etymology: 1530–40; < Latin exhilarātus past participle of exhilarāre to gladden, equivalent to ex- + hilarāre to cheer ( see hilarity)

10. fallow
Connotation: negative Etymology:1275–1325; Middle English falwe; compare Old English fealga, plural of *fealh, as gloss of Medieval Latin occas harrows

11. harass
Connotation: Negative
Etymology:1610–20; < French, Middle French harasser  to harry, harass, v. derivative of harace, harache  (in phrase courre a la harace  pursue) = hare  cry used to urge dogs on (< Frankish *hara  here, from this side

12. inclement
Connotation: Negative Etymology: 1615–25; < Latin inclēment, equivalent to in- + clement =mild, merciful

13. Liquidate
Connotation: neutral Etymology: c.1575, "to reduce to order, to set out clearly" (of accounts), from L.L liquidare "to melt, make liquid or clear, clarify," (see liquid). Sense of "clear away" (a debt) first recorded The meaning "wipe out, kill" is from 1924

14. muse
Connotation: Positive Etymology:1300–50; Middle English musen to mutter, gaze meditatively on, be astonished

15. negligible Connotation: neutral Etymology: 1820–30;
< Latin neglig (ere)
to neglect + -ible

16. perpetuate
Connotation: neutral Etymology: 1520–30; < Latin perpetuātus (past participle of perpetuāre, derivative of perpetuus uninterrupted).

17. precedent
Connotation: Neutral/Positive Etymology: 1350–1400; (adj.) Middle English < Latin praecēdent- to go before, precede

18. punitive
Connotation: Negative Etymology: 1615–25; < Medieval Latin pūnītīvus of punishment, (past participle of pūnīre to punish)

19. redress
Connotation: Neutral Etymology: 1275–1325; (v.) Middle English redressen < Middle French redresser, Old French redrecier, equivalent to re- + drecier to straighten ( see dress)

20. sojourn
Connotation: Neutral Etymology: 1200–50; (v.) Middle English sojurnen < Old French sojorner to rest, stay < see journey

21. urbane
Connotation: Neutral Etymology: 1610–20; < Latin urbānus, equivalent to urb- city