1. Industrial and Technological Boom Questions to answer
Why did people’s daily lives change in the decades following the Civil War?
How did advances in electric power and communication affect life for people and businesses?
What effects did the development of railroads have on industrial growth?
What was the impact of the Bessemer process on America?

2. 3 Factors lead to an Industrial Boom in the late 1800s in America
A wealth of natural resources
Oil = gasoline = fuel industry
Coal
Timber

3. 2. An explosion of ingenuity and inventions = A higher standard of living 3. Growth of urban population = growth of cities = new markets for products = consumerism

4. Increased Demand Growth of new ideas and inventions = increased demand
With all of the new innovation and inventions a patent system was necessary to protect inventors ingenuity
Patent = licenses that give an inventor exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invention for a set period of time
Between , the fed. Gov’t. issues just 36,000 patents
= 500,000 patents issued

5. Secrecy was a must = fortunes could be made off innovations
Without this technological “boom”, the Industrial Revolution would NOT have been possible!

6. Investors help expansion
European and American business leaders invest.
Combination of financial backing and ingenuity create new industries and expand on old ones.
Increased industrial productivity = American standard of living goes up

7. Industrialization
1. Rapid expansion of industry = increased standard of living by a. Work week reduced by 10 hours b. New opportunities in recreation = more demand for technology (phonograph, bicycle, camera)

8. Check out these innovations
How do they impact your life today?

9. Morse Code

10. The Telegraph
1844, Samuel Morse successfully completes the 1st telegraph message
By 1900, the Western Union Telegraph Company owned more than 900,000 miles of wire and made 63 million telegraph messages a year!

11. The Telephone
Alexander Graham Bell patents the “talking telegraph” in 1876.
1885 American Telephone and Telegraph Co. build long distance lines
By 1900, 1.5 million telephones were in use

12. Alexander Graham Bell

13. First telephone

14. Question
Where would communication be today without Morse and Bell?

15. Phonograph

16. Thomas Edison, introduces the phonograph in 1877
Best known for his work with electricity
In 1880, Edison produced light in a sealed glass bulb (light bulb).
Used a workable filament made of bamboo fiber
Indoor lighting now possible?

17. Thomas Edison in Menlo Park, NJ

18. Question What would life be like today without indoor lighting?
What affect would it have on our social lives?
What affect would it have on business?
What would you miss the most without electricity?

19. Indoor lighting changes “rhythm” of life
No indoor lighting in 1865, rising and setting of sun dictated daily activities, business, etc.
Imagine life without the benefits of refrigeration!

20. Expansion of Electricity
Central Power Stations
- used to provide electricity for lamps, fans, printing presses, and other new appliances
2. Lewis Latimer improved on light bulb (son of an escaped slave)
3. George Westinghouse = 1885 use of a transformer to provide long distance power for home use (alternating current)

21. Two Major Companies Expand Electricity
By 1898, General Electric and Westinghouse Electric power stations were lighting 2 million light bulbs across the land

22. Impact
Productivity in business increased = produce more in less time = cost decreases
Employment opportunities
Household appliances such as refrigerator
Rural areas lagged behind

23. Oil fuels industrial boom
Edwin L. Drake = use of steam engine to drill for oil
Titusville, PA 1858
Prior obtaining oil time-consuming & expensive

24. 1859, Drake struck oil and it soon became a major industry
A by-product of turning crude oil into kerosene was gasoline, but would be viewed as a waste product until the automobile

25. Edwin L. Drake

26. Drake’s well in Titusville, PA

27. Industrial Rev would change Transportation
Old methods?
Canals connected rivers
Horse drawn wagons
Slow, inefficient, and expensive!

28. Robert Fulton first steamboat Clermont 1807
Western and southern farmers could ship their good around the world
Erie Canal 1825 people could travel easily between Atlantic coast and Great Lakes
Roads were built

30. Rise of Railroads
Industrial expansion and technological boom = increased demand for shipping routes to new markets = expansion of railroad industry

31. Railroads Gave reliable way to transport goods
Early Locomotive – steam engine on wheels
a. Could pull many cars at once
b. Could hold people or freight
Gave reliable way to transport goods
Created millions of new jobs
Helped farmers get produce to markets faster
Travel took less time
People traveled more for pleasure

32. Railroads – 1828 Baltimore and Ohio Line (B & O)
Advances in communication came next, postal service, regular mail delivery

35. Growth of Railroads Major expansion during and after Civil War
Completion of the first Transcontinental Railroad on May 10, 1869 at Promontory Summit, Utah after 7 years of construction.
Most workers were immigrants = Chinese
Government funded most of project
Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroad companies

36. Promontory Summit, Utah 1869

37. Technological Advances expand railroads
Track gages and signals
Air brake systems
Granville Woods = telegraph system for communication of moving trains
Growth of railroads leads to development of towns in west
Time zones created to improve scheduling

38. Soon networks of communication developed magazines, newspapers, and books – literacy rate up!
All contributed to the Industrialization of America.
The USA became a major textile producer because of cotton production

39. Question What impact might improved transportation have on business?
What impact might it have on families and social life?

40. Expansion of Business
Growth of business = easier to ship goods = lower shipping costs = further expansion of business

41. Bessemer Process
1856 Henry Bessemer = create steel from scrap metal = more durable
Iron rails would be replaced by steel
Melt iron, add carbon and remove impurities
Steel was lighter, stronger, and more flexible

42. Henry Bessemer

43. Steel leads to mass production
New age of building begins
Steel bridges (Brooklyn Bridge 1883)
Skyscrapers (Chicago Reliance Building 1890)
16 stories, the way our cities/country looks changes

44. Construction of Brooklyn Bridge