1. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Forward Looking..... "Two years from now, spam will be solved." – Bill Gates, 2004 "I don't know what the language of the year 2000 will look like, but I know it will be called Fortran." – CA Hoare, 1982 "In the future, computers may weigh no more than 1.5 tonnes." – Popular mechanics, 1949 "I see little commercial potential for the Internet for at least ten years." – Bill Gates, 1994 "Computer viruses are an urban legend." – Peter Norton, 1988 "640K ought to be enough for anybody." (Bill Gates, 1981) "Windows NT addresses 2 Gigabytes of RAM, which is more than any application will ever need." (Microsoft, on the development of Windows NT, 1992)

2. © Solidsoft Limited 2005 Copyright Solidsoft 2008 2 Andy James CTO Fast forward to the future of the composite application in the coming years

3. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Introduction Software Construction Today Software Construction Today Service Orientation and the Composite Application Service Orientation and the Composite Application Fast forward to the future Fast forward to the future Work through a real ‘future’ Enterprise level composite application Work through a real ‘future’ Enterprise level composite application Review and Summary Review and Summary Questions Questions

4. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 150 Years Ago

5. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 100 Years Later

6. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 In The 80’s

7. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 In The 90’s

8. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Towards Today

9. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Software Construction Today

10. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Composite Services Composite Services Requirements State-of-the-Art Application Architecture Technologies User Activities User Activities Business Processes Business Processes Business Objects Business Objects Events Services RDBMS Data Access Layer Domain Oriented Business Logic Domain Oriented Business Logic Action Oriented Business Logic Action Oriented Business Logic Controller Oriented Business Logic Controller Oriented Business Logic Presentation Oriented Business Logic Presentation Oriented Business Logic Domain Oriented Business Logic Domain Oriented Business Logic JavaScript, HTML Applets Gadgets Identity Mapping Stored procedures SQL ASPX C# VB.Net Java Beans BizTalk ESB MSMQ Concepts Abstractions Model View Controller Model View Controller Object Orientation Object Orientation Entity Relationship Entity Relationship Service Orientation Service Orientation XML XSD WSDL SOAP WS-* BEPL Software Construction Today

11. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 The Gap Between Business Needs and Functionality Business Needs Time Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Misalignment

12. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Cost Of adding New Systems 12 Number of Systems 10100 1000 Cost Value 1 1 Integration Cost Unrealized innovation Cost Value © Jean-Jaques Dubray

13. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 We Need SOA and SOA Applications 13 Number of Systems 10100 1000 Cost Value 1 1 Increasing value of existing systems through reuse and Flexible changes Cost Value © Jean-Jaques Dubray

14. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Being able to reuse assets change the ROI of projects significantly 14

15. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Where Does That Leave Us Maybe it is true to say the method of the construction of software today is broken Maybe it is true to say the method of the construction of software today is broken If so it won’t be fixed by one more framework, one more scripting language, some refactoring, methodology, model driven development or whatever…If so it won’t be fixed by one more framework, one more scripting language, some refactoring, methodology, model driven development or whatever… Today there is a huge unrealized value in ITToday there is a huge unrealized value in IT This is not new!This is not new! We know that creating reusable assets can unlock this valueWe know that creating reusable assets can unlock this value Reduces development, integration, operations… costs Reduces development, integration, operations… costs Project deliver more value at constant cost Project deliver more value at constant cost 15

16. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Re-use – we’ve heard this one before! I know this is old ground I know this is old ground I know we go through the same discussion over and over again I know we go through the same discussion over and over again But maybe, just maybe this time we are actually building and designing with re-use in mind But maybe, just maybe this time we are actually building and designing with re-use in mind In fact we delivering architecture for re-use rather than asking the developer to do it In fact we delivering architecture for re-use rather than asking the developer to do it Maybe This Time

17. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 The Solution.... Service Orientation Service Orientation Service Orientated Architecture Service Orientated Architecture The Composite Application Platform The Composite Application Platform And of course... And of course... Composite Applications Composite Applications

18. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Service Orientation and the Composite Application

19. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 A Designing in Service Orientation World Crash Course (Greatly Simplified) Imagine I wish to build a clock application, or as it’s a SO world, a clock service. Imagine I wish to build a clock application, or as it’s a SO world, a clock service. Now the important thing here is to establish what the clock does or provides now and even maybe in the future... Now the important thing here is to establish what the clock does or provides now and even maybe in the future... Consider: Consider: Providing the time!Providing the time! A timer (the good old stop watch)A timer (the good old stop watch) A alarm or alarmsA alarm or alarms Some sort of record keeping or logSome sort of record keeping or log And lets go to town and say a reminder or schedulerAnd lets go to town and say a reminder or scheduler

20. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 In The New World Time Service Clock Service getTime() Timer Service Start() Stop() getElapsedTime() getTime() Alarm Service alarm() setAlarm() Scheduler Service getTime() setAlarm() Alarm() schedule(event) event() Logging Service Start(Activity) Stop(Activity) getActivitiyReport() Start() Stop() Local Time Service

21. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 The term composite application expresses a perspective of software engineering that defines an application built by combining multiple existing functions into a new application The term composite application expresses a perspective of software engineering that defines an application built by combining multiple existing functions into a new application The whole is greater than the sum of the parts The whole is greater than the sum of the parts What We Have Is A Composite Application

22. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 How Have We Constructed It In this case we have used Services In this case we have used Services And effectively we have produced a Service Oriented design – it would be a little grand to call it an architecture And effectively we have produced a Service Oriented design – it would be a little grand to call it an architecture Remember that when say Services we don’t have to mean Web Services Remember that when say Services we don’t have to mean Web Services To that end... To that end...

23. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Services are:   Autonomous units of the business function   Typically connected over distributed networks   Contracted with respect to interface   Coupled loosely, rather than tightly   Or maybe, independent of platform, toolset, methodology or geography   Discoverable via some form of registry or directory   Ideally standards-based Services are not:   Simply Web services   Necessarily synchronous   Most likely stateless What are Services?

24. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Services Services Message Exchange Pattern describe Operational Requirements enforce State manage Applications composed of Messages exchange is a set of Contracts bound by contain Schemas define structure of governed by Policies have

25. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 What Is A Composite Application? Contrary to popular belief this doesn’t mean a composite application has to be part of a Service Orientated Architecture Contrary to popular belief this doesn’t mean a composite application has to be part of a Service Orientated Architecture

26. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 What Is A Composite Application? Or that composite applications are merely ‘Mashups’ Or that composite applications are merely ‘Mashups’

27. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Information gathering and data collection Information gathering and data collection Replacing traditional application design and delivery Replacing traditional application design and delivery Where do I see composite applications?

28. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Information presentation providing context Information presentation providing context Providing both high level view and drill down views Providing both high level view and drill down views Where do I see composite applications?

29. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 For The Enterprise Composite Applications Offer the Solution to the problems demonstrated earlier... Composite Applications Offer the Solution to the problems demonstrated earlier...

30. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Fast Forward To The Future

31. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Future Gazing With Feet Still In Today It is very clear that today our methodologies and development toolkits are about building “new solutions” It is very clear that today our methodologies and development toolkits are about building “new solutions” Yes we can use libraries, import projects and even re-use code and services Yes we can use libraries, import projects and even re-use code and services But it’s not the norm But it’s not the norm For the development of Composite Applications the norm is ‘Re-use not build, it’s use what’s already here and add something to it. For the development of Composite Applications the norm is ‘Re-use not build, it’s use what’s already here and add something to it. For me the future needs to be tooling, models and methodology that is “Re-use is the norm!” For me the future needs to be tooling, models and methodology that is “Re-use is the norm!”

32. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Pointers To The Future... I said earlier that ‘Mashups’ weren’t Composite Applications. Whilst true that is true, Mashups and the associated tools do give us a pointer to the future I said earlier that ‘Mashups’ weren’t Composite Applications. Whilst true that is true, Mashups and the associated tools do give us a pointer to the future Re-useable Building Blocks Graphical Composition Tooling

33. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Reuse Is The Norm, Not Always Build New This means a number of points need to be considered: This means a number of points need to be considered: Governance not just Project managementGovernance not just Project management Strategy and Goals not just RequirementsStrategy and Goals not just Requirements Selection not just SpecificationSelection not just Specification Resources not just DataResources not just Data Composition not just ImplementationComposition not just Implementation Federation not just MonolithicFederation not just Monolithic Certification as well as TestCertification as well as Test Provisioning not just DeployingProvisioning not just Deploying Software as a Service / Software + ServicesSoftware as a Service / Software + Services

34. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 What is Changing Governance not just Project management Governance not just Project management We must consider not only the delivery of the whole but all the parts as wellWe must consider not only the delivery of the whole but all the parts as well We must ensure the quality of all partsWe must ensure the quality of all parts Change control becomes critical as change impact will ripple through out many applicationsChange control becomes critical as change impact will ripple through out many applications Strategy and Goals not just Requirements Strategy and Goals not just Requirements We must consider an overall strategy and goal rather than just ‘this projects’ requirementsWe must consider an overall strategy and goal rather than just ‘this projects’ requirements Clear Vision and Road mapping is neededClear Vision and Road mapping is needed Selection not just Specification Selection not just Specification Selection will become as major an activity as specification and designSelection will become as major an activity as specification and design

35. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 What is Changing Resources not just data Resources not just data CRUD thinking is dead or merely sidelined to the data serviceCRUD thinking is dead or merely sidelined to the data service The programming model is not just Service Orientated but Resource Orientated and Event OrientatedThe programming model is not just Service Orientated but Resource Orientated and Event Orientated We need information more than just dataWe need information more than just data

36. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Information: Data in context Consider: ¨A sausage a day increases the risk of bowel cancer by a fifth¨

37. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Now as information A fifth is 20% A fifth is 20% Does this mean 100% means guaranteed cancer? Does this mean 100% means guaranteed cancer? In context now: In context now: Research shows in every 100 people 5 will get bowel cancer and eating 7 sausages a week increases that from 5 to 6 IE a 20% increase! Research shows in every 100 people 5 will get bowel cancer and eating 7 sausages a week increases that from 5 to 6 IE a 20% increase! With context we see it is a fraction of a smaller percent and not quite as worrying! With context we see it is a fraction of a smaller percent and not quite as worrying!

38. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Composition Not Just Implementation Candidate Service Candidate Service Application Service Application Service Employee Service Employee Service Calendar Service Calendar Service Create Application Submit Application Hire Interviewer Role Recruiter Role Schedule Interview Submit Review Submit Offer Acceptance Review Application

39. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 What is Changing Federation not just Monolithic Federation not just Monolithic We stop building large LOB applications and start federating aspects of othersWe stop building large LOB applications and start federating aspects of others Certification as well as Test Certification as well as Test With the use of all these building blocks we not only need to test but also to certify our building material, be it for security or simply fitness for purposeWith the use of all these building blocks we not only need to test but also to certify our building material, be it for security or simply fitness for purpose Provisioning not just Deploying Provisioning not just Deploying In the world of already deployed assets and services we are more likely to provision rather than deployIn the world of already deployed assets and services we are more likely to provision rather than deploy

40. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Software + Services Streaming Services Platform

41. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Microsoft Offers Services Personal Services: Live Windows Live, Office Live Workspaces, Popfly MSN, Live Search, Virtual Earth Business Services: Online Exchange Hosted Services Exchange, SharePoint, Office Communications Office Live Small Business, Dynamics Live CRM, Titan Developer Services Windows Live Cloud Infrastructure Services Silverlight Streaming, BizTalk Services … Service Enablers Web sites: Windows Server, SQL Server, Visual Studio, AdCenter Click to run client : ActiveX, AJAX, Silverlight,.NET, Win32 Softgrid

42. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 IT and business alignment with a Composite Programming Model 42 Traditional Application Model Composite Applications Business needs Delivered Solution Scope Business needs Continuous Improvement Phases Implementation Projects Delivered Solution Scope

43. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Walk Through of Composite Application for the future

44. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 The Tell Us Once Project Provide design options for the end to end online experience of managing the consequences of a bereavement Provide a blueprint for the capabilities and components needed to deliver TUO A vision of how components of the blueprint maybe separately sourced Provide an evaluation of the usability of the design by means of a demonstrator Where possible re-use existing key assets

45. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Tell Us Once Project (2) This is to be a pan-government department project This is to be a pan-government department project Web based in the first instance but moving across the client range Web based in the first instance but moving across the client range It’s architecture could lend itself to either the classic government monolithic application or a SOA based Composite Application It’s architecture could lend itself to either the classic government monolithic application or a SOA based Composite Application The team went with the Composite Application Approach The team went with the Composite Application Approach

46. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Objectives Provide the means for a citizen to handle the affairs of a deceased person Provide the means for a citizen to handle the affairs of a deceased person Provide a single route to multiple departments with the citizen only having to provide information once Provide a single route to multiple departments with the citizen only having to provide information once Help rather than hinder the citizen Help rather than hinder the citizen Where dependents are involved provide the means to hand over benefits where needed without the ignominy of losing and then having to reapply for benefits Where dependents are involved provide the means to hand over benefits where needed without the ignominy of losing and then having to reapply for benefits And do it on line.... And do it on line....

47. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Key Approach Features Early design decisions driven by the business needs of: Early design decisions driven by the business needs of: Citizen PrivacyCitizen Privacy Informer verificationInformer verification Manner in which Government could ‘help’Manner in which Government could ‘help’ Timescales around department take-onTimescales around department take-on Relationship managementRelationship management Identity AuthenticationIdentity Authentication Staged developmentStaged development

48. Copyright Solidsoft 2008

50. Summary

51. In summary Software construction needs to change Software construction needs to change And it is true to say it is changing And it is true to say it is changing This session has been trying to look into the future This session has been trying to look into the future Look at SOA and Composite Applications in a positive way Look at SOA and Composite Applications in a positive way Not get bogged down with Software as a Service or Software + Service Not get bogged down with Software as a Service or Software + Service Given a nod to Mashups Given a nod to Mashups And seen the reality of trying to design for the future today And seen the reality of trying to design for the future today

52. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Finally There are no silver bullets! There are no silver bullets! But hopefully some thoughts to challenge and maybe inspire But hopefully some thoughts to challenge and maybe inspire As an architect the future will be as challenging as ever if not more so As an architect the future will be as challenging as ever if not more so And maybe we as architects may actually get developed what we imagined, created and dreamed of And maybe we as architects may actually get developed what we imagined, created and dreamed of Thank you for listening Thank you for listening

53. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Some Mashups Will Never Work! By Cathy Wilcox, the Sydney Morning Herald

54. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Solidsoft and SOA Software Announce Partnership

55. Copyright Solidsoft 2008 Questions? Contact me at: Andy.James@Solidsoft.com Read my blog: http://blog.solidsoft.com or http://geekswithblogs.net/ajames Andy.James@Solidsoft.comAndy.James@Solidsoft.com

56. Copyright Solidsoft 2008