2. Bottom Up Indonesian Internet Infrastructure Onno W. Purbo Onno@indo.net.id Independent IT Writer

3. Important Key Factor Human Community Society NOT Technology NOT $$$

4. Overview Commercial ISP Development Historical View & Tech. Aspects Internet Community Development Major Achievements No backup from World Bank, IMF, ADB Bottom-up Community based Sustainable development

5. Key Strategies Human factor is the most important KEY. Provide Free Education to the Society Copyleft & Copywrong movement http://www.bogor.net/idkf/ http://pandu.dhs.org/ Free? How about the reward? God provides reward in unimaginable ways.

6. Society Education Process

7. Involving Many Volunteers.. Michael Sunggiardi (Bogor) I Made Wiryana (Germany) Umar Tjokroaminoto (Medan) Adi Nugroho (Makassar) Irwin Day (Makassar) Ismail Fahmi (Bandung) Etc …

8. Basic strategy in short.. Either lead or follow but please dont block the road for those who would move forward … Phil Karn at Qualcomm, one of the Wireless Internet guru.

9. Commercial Internet Development

10. Commercial ISPs APJII = Indonesian ISP Association http://www.apjii.or.id IndoNet the first Indonesian commercial ISP in 1994.

11. APJII Membership 150+ Principal License Holder 80 Member APJII 40+ active in providing services 100+ cities, all provinces Common Facilities APJII IIX APJII IDNIC Domain Registration & NIR (APNIC)

12. Principal & Operational License

13. Subscriber Distribution

14. Targeted Total Indonesian Internet Users

15. ISP Indonesia Internet Exchange ISP GLOBAL INTERNET APJII – IIX (GCC TELKOM)

16. Some grassroots movements Internet Café High Speed Wireless Internet (11- 54Mbps)

17. Indonesian Internet Cafes 2000+ Internet Cafes Mostly self-finance Hangout at asosiasi- warnet@yahoogroups.comasosiasi- warnet@yahoogroups.com Fight for expanding own network & concept towards community based network.

18. Indonesian Internet Café Access Cost for Public Users Rp. 5000 / hour. Access Cost for Students at Schools Rp. 5000 / month Return of Investment 1-2 Years (no WB, no IMF, no ADB, no GoI funding) Internet Café is an affordable solution for Indonesian to access the Internet. It may enable 20+ million Indonesian to Internet in next 4-5 years.

19. Indonesian Wireless Internet Close to 1000 corporate users Uses 11Mbps (soon 54Mbps) wireless connection 2.4GHz (soon at 5-5.8GHz) Hangout indowli@yahoogroups.comindowli@yahoogroups.com Fight for free frequency license

20. Historical View Social (human) Aspects Technological Aspects

21. Network Topology: Jan 1993

22. Homebrew Radio Modem

23. Software & PC based 286 & e-mail only Freeware network operating system (NOS) Downloadable from ftp://ftp.ucsd.edu/hamradio/packet/ ftp://ftp.ucsd.edu/hamradio/packet/

24. AI3 Indonesia: 1997 AI3 Indonesia IIX WIDE AI3 S-One / SingaREN vBNS STARTAP CA*net3 TransPAC APAN

25. Current Technology Push Wireless Internet 11-54Mbps Estimated cost US$150 / unit Unlicensed band 2.4Ghz, 5-5.8GHz Build own network, no Telco!

26. Two Way Satellite

27. Success Factor Community based development. Human Resource Development Culture! Shifting mind set! Self-financing. Human is the key factor!

28. Access Behavior Source: Adi Nugroho adi@internux.co.idadi@internux.co.id 50% Internet Café in Makassar, Sulawesi 20-27 January 2002.

29. Logged Access Sites in Makassar *.yahoo.com6.96% *.yimg.com6.77% *.bolehmail.com4.69% 2.98% *.plasa.com2.52% *.astaga.com2.02% *.17tahun.com1.72% *.doubleclick.net1.46% *.extrajos.com1.40% *.msn.com1.16% *.akamai.net1.00% *.freebiespider.com0.85% *.geocities.com0.76% *.rileks.com0.75% > 202.53.225.* 0.74% > *.chek.com 0.61% > *.detik.com 0.49% > *.adbutler.com 0.44% > *.kompas.com 0.40% > *.icq.com 0.27% > other: 2nd-level-domains 62.01% > ---------------------------------- ----- ------ > Sum 100.00%

30. Access Behavior Search engine & webmail are the the most accessed site. News & online media are next. Indonesian pornographic site is next in the row (not much). 2.98% users normally mistype the URL. Yahoo.com & its family is the most (13%) accessed site.

31. Indonesian Internet Communities http://www.yahoogroups.com http://groups.yahoo.com http://groups.plasa.com Survey done at yahoogroups.com

32. Historical Perspective 90: Indonesians@jamus.berkeley.eduIndonesians@jamus.berkeley.edu 96: Mailing-lists@itb.ac.idMailing-lists@itb.ac.id 99: Mailing-lists@yahoogroups.comMailing-lists@yahoogroups.com

33. Evaluate yahoogroups.com 45.000+ Indonesian mailing lists Mostly <100 subscribers Evaluate only >100 subscribers

37. Evaluation Total mailing list49913 Evaluated30195 (60.5%) Mailing list > 100 subs1247 (4.2%)

38. Mailing lists total 1247 Pornography 73 (5.9%) Social350 (28.1%) Religion 155 (12.4%) Politics 94 (7.5%) Knowledge 257 (20.6%) Hobby 110 (8.8 %) Economics 16 (1.3%) Business 192 (15.4 %)

39. Subscribers total 451887 Pornography 59871 (13.2%) Social87875 (19.4%) Religion 55055 (12.2%) Politics 32124 (7.1%) Knowledge 83736 (18.5%) Hobby 48342 (10.7 %) Economics 4595 (1.0%) Business 80289 (17.8 %)

40. Messages in 2001 total 1593523 Pornography 42590 (2.7%) Social371749 (23.3%) Religion 190427 (12.0%) Politics 186583 (11.7%) Knowledge 291544 (18.3%) Hobby 236023 (14.8%) Economics 13542 (0.8%) Business 261065 (16.4%)

41. Activeness (msg/subs/month) Pornography 0.71 Social4.23 Religion 3.46 Politics 5.81 Knowledge 3.48 Hobby 4.88 Economics 2.95 Business 3.25

42. Bandwidth (Kbps) total 1,711 Pornography 704 (41.2%) Social236 (13.8%) Religion 146 (8.5%) Politics 113 (6.6 %) Knowledge 270 (15.8%) Hobby 103 (6.0%) Economics 9 (0.6%) Business 128 (7.5%)

43. Summary.. Copyleft & copywrong movement done by many volunteers (not the govt) really help in providing knowledge to the society & enable them to build their own infrastructure. Wireless Internet & Internet café technology is the key infrastructure. Most of the infrastructure are self-finance with no WB, IMF & ADB involvement. Govt of Indonesia most of the time claim our sucesses & ask for funding to donor agencies.