1. World History 1500 to Present
Unit 1 Vocabulary: World Empires and Religions circa 1500 AD; Renaissance, Reformation and Scientific Revolution Intro
SOLs: 1 a-e; 2 a-d; 3 a-c; 6 a-c; 14 a,b

2. How do we LEARN terms? RECALL “Know it: ANALYZE “Understand it” APPLY
“DO something with that demonstrates that you really get it!”

3. Civilization
This is a complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements.

4. Key Features of Civilization
Cities
Well organized government
Complex Religion
Job Specialization
Social Classes
Arts & Architecture
Public Works
Writing

5. Locate the earliest human civilizations….

6. Know the Rivers/regions
Identify Main Religion

8. Theology
This is the study of religion and God which was the most highly regarded subject of the medieval university.

9. Name the 5 major world religions
Founders, books, tenets, and geographic distribution from Civ-Present

10. Four Noble Truths
This is the basic beliefs of Buddhism that most of life’s suffering is caused by our desires for self-satisfaction.

11. *Suffering stops when greed stops
*All life is suffering
*Suffering from Greed
*Suffering stops when greed stops
* Stop greed by following 8 fold path

12. Caste System
This is a rigid set of social categories that determined a person’s occupation and position in society.

14. Ten Commandments
This was the set of guidelines revealed to Moses by God on Mount Sinai as part of the covenant between God and the Hebrews.

16. Hammurabi
This person was ruler of a Mesopotamian kingdom who built many temples and encouraged trade, but is best remembered for his super-strict law code.

18. Tikal
This was a large Mayan City in present day Guatemala that may have had a hundred thousand inhabitants.

20. Chichen Itza
Ancient city of the Mayan Indians located in the northern center of the Yucatán Peninsula of present-day Mexico.

21. !!
El Castillo

22. Tenochtitlan
Island city that was the Aztec capital where present day Mexico City is located.

23. CORTES

24. Black Death
The most devastating natural disaster in European history which killed about 1/3 of the population.

25. SEE a DR. ASAP!!!!!

26. Great Schism
This was a conflict within the Catholic Church when two popes, one French and one Italian, were elected at the same time and the disputes that followed weakened the political and spiritual authority of the Catholic Church.

27. This “schism” was the Western Roman Church…not the Eastern/Western Schism”

28. Leonardo da Vinci
This multi-talented Italian artist, painter, inventor, sculptor, architect and mathematician was the ultimate Renaissance man and even cut up dead bodies to better illustrate the human form in his art.

30. Medici Family
This was a powerful banking family from Florence that financed much of the Renaissance through their patronage of artists and inspiration to writers.

31. Giovanni Di Bicci
Cosimo I
Cosimo il Vecchio
Lorenzo the Magnificent

32. Niccolo Machiavelli
This writer of the Renaissance believed that the key to gaining and maintaining power was to not let oneself be restricted by moral principles. He was one of the first political writers to abandon morality as a basis for analyzing political power.

33. The end justifies the Means
It is better to be feared than loved
Never take advice from a subordinate

34. The Prince
One of the most influential books on political power in the Western world, this work has stood the test of time as a handbook on how to achieve political power at any cost.

35. Cesare Borgia, son of Pope Alexander VI

36. Renaissance
This was an intellectual and artistic movement based on the renewed interest in the classical heritage of Greeks and Romans. It began in Italy and spread throughout Europe.

37. 3. 1. 2. 4.

38. Protestant Reformation
This was the religious movement that divided the Western Catholic Church in the early 1500s and created numerous Christian sects that are still in existence today.

41. Catholic Counter-Reformation
This was the official Church response to the divisive Christian reform movement that included the founding of the Jesuits, the reform of the papacy, the decrees of the Council of Trent,… and the establishment of courts of the Inquisition.

42. 1560 -1648 (After conclusion of Thirty Years War in Europe)
Society of Jesus, Jesuits
More missionaries sent
Strengthened Inquisition
Council of Trent….clarified doctrines
Made several changes based on complaints of Protestants

43. Johann Tetzel
This monk sold indulgences to German Christians, telling them they could buy forgiveness for their sins and for the sins of family members already dead.

44. German Dominican friar
Disgusted Martin Luther to write his 95 theses (reasons the Catholic Church needed to shape up)

45. Martin Luther
This German monk and Bible professor believed that Christians could achieve salvation through faith alone and launched a religious reform movement to break with the Catholic Church.

46. “Did he or didn’t he????”

47. John Calvin
This Protestant leader set up a theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland and believed in predestination.

48. ORIGINAL SIN
PREDESTINATION
Educate Both Sexes
Pray, Work, Learn, Die

49. Henry VIII
This ruler of England broke with the Catholic Church for mostly political reasons. He wanted a divorce from his first wife and when the Pope said, “No,” he turned to his own church courts and eventually made himself head of the Protestant Church of England.

50. Handsome and Athletic in his youth
Married to a Spanish Catholic, had one child that survived, Mary I aka, “Bloody Mary”
Married 5 more times, only notable child: Elizabeth I with wife #2, Anne Boleyn

51. vernacular
This term refers to works of literature that are published in regional languages rather than classical languages like Latin or Greek.

52. EGO LATINAM Latin represented the glory that was ROME
Latin was the language of learning, business, law, medicine, and most importantly, THE CHURCH
Romans “spoke” Italian
Spaniards spoke Spanish
People in Gaul spoke French
German, English, Dutch, Finnish, etc….

53. This term refers to nonreligious or “worldly” things.
secular
This term refers to nonreligious or “worldly” things.

54. SECULAR is “NOT RELIGIOUS”
Secular Music?
Secular TV shows?
Secular law?
Secular government?
Secular education?
Secular business?
Secular literature?
Secular attitudes?

55. Humanism
This was an intellectual movement that was based on the study of the classic literary works and the culture Greece and Rome. It focused on the glorification of the worldly achievements of men.

57. Petrarch
One of the earliest leaders of the Renaissance, this man led the initial search for ancient Latin manuscripts and revived the use of pure, classical Latin. He is famous for works such as Sonnets to Laura.

58. Love is Agony and Sorrow
What is Love?
Love is Agony and Sorrow

59. Characteristics of Petrarch’s Sonnets
Self- Centered
Combines secular love with religious passion. The Baroque poets, esp. the metaphysical poets are influenced by this. Different from Shakespeare's sonnets.
Love as sorrow. Different from Dante (Love as an enlightening or transcendent power).

60. Dante
This famous author of the Divine Comedy (in Italian) takes readers on a journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise

62. Michelangelo
This artist, most famous for painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, was also a magnificent sculptor and architect

64. Erasmus
Best known for his 1509 writing, In Praise of Folly, this leading Christian humanist believed that society cannot be improved until the people in society improved themselves from within. It was said, “He laid the egg that the other guy hatched.”

65. Dutch humanist AND theologian
Middle of the road reformer, FREE Will, not predestination
Wrote In Praise of Folly

66. Peace of Augsburg
This was a 1555 agreement to formally accept the division of Christianity in Germany between Catholicism and Lutheranism. It did not allow religious choice for individuals, only for German rulers to choose for their subjects.

67. "Cuius regio eius religio".

68. FIB = fill in the blank, no word bank
On a regular QUIZ: You must answer my questions ABOUT the terms we have covered in HW or class
FIB = fill in the blank, no word bank
I give you the definition and you write the vocabulary term from your comps sheet
Spelling must be phonetically close
Writing must be PRINTED Legibly
+10 pts if you get 100% on the Vocab Quiz / +5 pts if you get all 30 on the Unit TEST