1. EER to Relation Models Mapping
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

2. Outline ER to relations model mapping – review
Summary
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Sumitha C.H, SFIT

3. 3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

4. ER to relations model mapping – Steps
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

5. ER to relations model mapping – Steps
Step 1: Mapping of Regular Entity Types.
For each regular (strong) entity type in the ER schema, create a relation R that includes all the simple attributes of E.
Choose one of the key attributes of E as the primary key for the relation.
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

6. Employee Project Department Fname Minit Lname Ssn Bdate Sex Address
Salary
Pname
Pnumber
PLocation
Dname
Dnumber ER
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

7. ER to relations mapping – Steps
Step 2: Mapping of Weak Entity Types
For each weak entity type W in the ER schema with owner entity type E, create a relation R and include all attributes of the weak entity as attributes of the new relation R.
Then, include the primary key of the owner entity as foreign key attributes of R.
The primary key of R is the combination of the primary key(s) of the owner(s) and the partial key of the weak entity type W, if any.
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

8. Employee Dependent Fname Minit Lname Ssn Bdate Sex Address Salary Essn
Dep_name
Sex
Bdate
Relationship ER
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

9. ER to Relational Mapping steps
Step 3: Mapping of 1:1 Relation Types
(1) Foreign Key approach:
Choose one of the relations and include as foreign key in one relation (S) which is the primary key of the other relation (T).
S  an entity type with total participation in the relationship
(2) Merged relation option:
Merge the two entity types and the relationship into a single relation.
Appropriate when both participations are total.
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

10. Employee Department Fname Minit Lname Ssn Bdate Sex Address Salary
Dname
Dnumber
MgrSsn
MgrStartDate ER
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

11. ER to Relational Mapping steps
Step 4: Mapping of Binary 1:N Relationship Types.
For each regular 1:N relationship type R, identify the relation S, which is the entity on the N-side of the relationship.
Include as foreign key in S the primary key of the relation which is on the 1 side of the relationship.
Include any simple attributes of the 1:N relation type as attributes of S.
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

12. Employee Department Project Dependent Fname Minit Lname Ssn Bdate Sex
Address
Salary
SuperSsn
DNo
Dname
Dnumber
MGrSSN
MgrStartDate
Pname
Pnumber
PLocation
Dnum
Essn
Dep_name
Sex
Bdate
Relationship ER
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

13. ER to Relational Mapping steps
Step 5: Mapping of Binary M:N Relationship Types.
For each M:N relationship type, create a new relation S to represent the relationship.
Include as foreign key attributes in S the primary keys of the entities on each side of the relationship;
the combination of the two primary keys will form the primary key of S.
Also include any simple attributes of the M:N relationship type as attributes of S.
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

14. Employee Department Project Dependent Works_On Fname Minit Lname Ssn
Bdate
Sex
Address
Salary
SuperSsn
DNo
Dname
Dnumber
MGrSSN
MgrStartDate
Pname
Pnumber
PLocation
Dnum
Essn
Dep_name
Sex
Bdate
Relationship
Essn
Pno
Hours ER
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

15. ER to Relational Mapping steps
Step 6: Mapping of Multivalued attributes.
For each multivalued attribute A, create a new relation.
contains an attribute corresponding to the multi-valued attribute, plus the primary key attribute of the relation that has the multi-valued attribute, K.
The primary key of R is the combination of A and K.
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

16. Employee Department Project Dependent Works_On Dept_Locations Fname
Minit
Lname
Ssn
Bdate
Sex
Address
Salary
SuperSsn
DNo
Dname
Dnumber
MGrSSN
MgrStartDate
Pname
Pnumber
PLocation
Dnum
Essn
Dep_name
Sex
Bdate
Relationship
Essn
Pno
Hours ER
Dnumber
DLocation
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

17. Result of mapping the COMPANY ER schema into a relational schema.
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

18. EER to Relational Mapping steps
Step 7: Mapping of N-ary Relationship Types.
(Non-binary relationships)
For each n-ary relationship type R, where n>2, create a new relation S to represent the relationship.
Include as foreign key attributes in S the primary keys of the relations that represent the participating entities.
Also include any simple attributes of the n-ary relationship type as attributes of S.
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

19. Ternary relationship types. (a) The SUPPLY relationship.
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

20. Mapping the n-ary relationship type SUPPLY
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

21. EER to Relational Mapping steps
Step8: Options for Mapping Specialization or Generalization.
Option 8A: Multiple relations, Super class and subclasses.
Create a relation for the super class, including the super class attributes.
Create a relation for each subclass, which includes the primary key of the super class (which acts as the foreign key) and the attributes of the subclass specialization.
This works for any specialization (partial, total, disjoint, overlapping)
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

22. 3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

23. EER to Relational Mapping steps
Step8: Options for Mapping Specialization or Generalization.
Option 8B: Multiple relations, Subclass relations only
Create a relation for each subclass, with the attributes of both the super class and the attributes of the subclass.
works for total specializations
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

24. 3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

25. EER to Relational Mapping steps
Step8: Options for Mapping Specialization or Generalization.
Option 8C: Single relation with one type attribute.
Create a single relation, with all the attributes of the super class and all the attributes of a subclass.
Include a ‘Type’ attribute, which is the discriminating attribute which indicates which subclass the row belongs to.
This only works if the specialization is disjoint, meaning the super class entity cannot be a member of more than one subclass.
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

26. EngType
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Sumitha C.H, SFIT

27. EER to Relational Mapping steps
Step8: Options for Mapping Specialization or Generalization.
Option 8D: Single relation with multiple type attributes.
Create a single relation with all the attributes of the super class and all the attributes of the subclass.
Include a Boolean “Type” attribute for each subclass, which indicates whether the row belongs to that subclass.
This works with overlapping specializations, to indicate if the super class entity belongs to more than one subclass.
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

28. 3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

29. EER to Relational Mapping steps
Step 9: Mapping of Union Types (Categories).
For mapping a category whose defining super classes have different keys, you can specify a new key attribute, called a surrogate key, when creating a relation to correspond to the category.
Then create a relation for each category, which includes the attributes of the category, and the surrogate key, which acts as the foreign key.
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

30. Two categories (union types): OWNER and REGISTERED_VEHICLE.
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

31. Mapping the EER categories (union types) to relations.
OwnerId
CYear
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT

32. THANK YOU !!!
3/25/2017
Sumitha C.H, SFIT