1. name and explain examples of high-speed evolution industrial melanism in the peppered mothpeppered moth organism peppered moth environmental change blackening of tree bark due to pollution selection pressure bird predators feeding on non-camouflaged forms mutant with selective advantage dark (melanic) form

2. antibiotic resistance antibiotic resistance in bacteria organism bacteria – eg. Staphylococcus aureus environmental change increasing use of antibiotics – misuse / overuse selection pressure antibiotic chemicals mutant with selective advantage antibiotic-resistant bacteria eg. MRSA

3. heavy metal tolerance heavy metal tolerance in grasses organism bent grass - Agrostis tenuis environmental change copper-rich mine deposits dumped on soil selection pressure high levels of copper metal mutant with selective advantage copper-tolerant bent grass

4. pH tolerance pH tolerance in plants organism Viola species environmental change soil becoming more acidic or alkaline (calcium-rich) selection pressure soil pH mutant with selective advantage acid-tolerant calcifuges alkali-tolerant calcicoles