1. Workbook pages 113-127 Standards 7-3.4 & 7-3.5
UNIT VI:
The Industrial Revolution
Workbook pages Standards & 7-3.5

2. The Rise Of Industry
While political revolutions swept through Europe and the Americas, an economic revolution shook the world
WHAT IS INDUSTRIALISM???
Industrialism; a system based on the use of machines rather than on animal or human power
Industrialism started in Great Britain during the 1700’s
Over a period of 200 hundred years it began to spread to other parts of the world

3. Seeds For Industry
Agricultural Revolution; A sweeping change in farming
This revolution helped industry take root or start in Great Britain
It started with the enclosure movement; Parliament allowed large owners to fence off common lands
Used land in 2 ways;
Planted single crops that produced bigger profits
Turned land into pastures to graze sheep

5. Changes In Farming
Knowledge of crop rotation; the process of rotating crops on three fields instead of two. Rotation kept soil fertile and more crops could be grown
Invention of seed drill by Jethro Tull. The drill allowed farmers to plant rows of seeds rather than scattering them over the fields
Breeding of stronger horses for farm work and fatter sheep and cattle for meat

6. Capital And Labor
Changes in farming created conditions favorable to industry
The use of raw materials to manufacture, or create, goods
Landowners now had more capital, or money to invest
This increased the capital already earned by colonial merchants through trade
Many landowners and merchants invested their money in manufacturing or other businesses
Improved methods of farming and breeding produced more food, which helped people live longer, healthier lives

7. Natural Resources &Markets
In addition to capital and labor, Great Britain was rich in natural resources
It possessed rivers that flowed year-round
These rivers powered the earliest machines
They also provided a transportation network that connected inland areas to coastal harbors
Britain also had huge supplies of coal and iron
In the years ahead, coal would replace wood as a source of fuel for running machines
Iron would be used to build machines and to make steel

8. Causes Of Industrial Revolution
Large number of people available to work in industry
Enclosure movement forced many people off the land
They had moved to the cities to find work in factories
More and better food meant that people were healthier and living longer and having larger families
The increase in population also provided workers for the new factories
Britain’s natural resources and geography also helped in the rise of industry
They had large coal/iron

9. Guided Note-Taking Must complete in your notes
Read the following sections;
Rise of the Factory System (6 facts)
Spread of Industrialism (5 facts)
Impact of Industrialism (10 facts)
Must complete in your notes
Read each section and list the specific number of facts required
Participation grade
Finish for HW
Will go over Monday

10. Rise Of the Factory System
Machines first showed up in the production of textiles
Workers in the past produced cloth under the “domestic system” or “cottage industry”
Went “cottage to cottage” bringing supplies needed
Merchants returned later to pick up the finished textiles
Developed ways to spin faster and run machines with waterpower
Textile merchants now build factories near rivers/streams
Factory system; method of production that brought machines and workers together in one place
Urbanization; or movement of people from rural areas to cities
Britain was 1st country to become urbanized, meaning more people lived in cities than on farms

11. Spread Of Industrialism
Parliament pass laws banning the export of machines and the movement of skilled workers to other countries
Laws failed, skilled British workers saw the opportunity to make more money elsewhere
They left Britain and took their industrial know-how with them
By 1800’s Great Britain had given up efforts to create a monopoly; or total control of industry
British investors saw a chance to earn even more money by funding industries elsewhere
They set up factories and built railroads in other parts of the world

12. Impact Of Industrialism
Growth of Cities-
Rise of Industrial Capitalism-
New Methods Of Organizing Business-
Rise of An Industrial Working Class-
Rise Of Trade Unions-
Development Of Socialism-

13. Early Gas Tractor
Spinning Jenny
Steam Tractor

15. Industrialism Assignment
TOPICS
Compare/Contrast; Inventions & New Ideas (PAST & PRESENT)
Describe Factory Life; As a manager and as a worker
Compare/Contrast; Factory Conditions (PAST & PRESENT)
Describe your life as a child factory worker
MUST INCLUDE:
1. Pictures/Scene; That represents your topic
2. Timeline of events; Daily life events
3. Writing/Summary
*Each section must be numbered & should include the above 3 items (pictures, timeline, writing)
*Must have title (center & large)
*Must have all groups names underneath title
*Must have color and look neat and well planned

16. Machine-Made Cloth
The switch from handmade to machine-made cloth triggered the start of the Industrial Revolution
John Kay began the revolution when he invented a machine called “Flying shuttle”
This sped up the weaving process
It progressed into new ways of running machines and new ways of processing cotton

17. Coal
The use of machines and the rise of factories increased the demand for iron and coal
In 1753, Henry Cort developed a process called “puddling”
This processed burned away impurities in iron ore
The result was a pure, high, quality iron
Iron production soared and prices dropped
By 1850’s Britain turned out more iron than the rest of the world combined

18. Iron
William Kelly and Henry Bessemer of Britain worked on ways to turn iron into steel
Both learned that a blast of air through molten iron burned out most of the impurities
Kelly received a patent or exclusive ownership of an invention for the process from the US Patent Office
Bessemer kept working to improve it and the process became known by this name; Bessemer Process

19. Bessemer Process; STEEL
This process lowered steel making costs from $200 a ton to $4.00 a ton
Great Britain found a way to lower the cost even more
They invented the open-hearth process
This method used a special furnace to make many kinds of steel

20. Steamboats & Railroads
Industry needed ways to transport or carry raw materials to factories and finished goods to the markets
Inventors provided a solution by combining steam powered locomotives
This invention of steel helped make the RR’s stronger and more powerful
American inventor Robert Fulton designed the first practical steamboat, the Clemont
The steamboat ended the need for wind and sails, opening a new era in transportation on rivers and oceans

21. Rise Of Mass Production
While machines increased the output of goods, 2 concepts paved the way for another change; Mass production
This is the manufacture of huge quantities of identical goods at cheap prices
Interchangeable parts; Use of machine made parts that are made exactly alike
Division of Labor; Assembly line

22. Electricity & Industry
Electricity converts easily into heat, light or motion
As a result, it can be sent through wires; something Ben Franklin learned during the colonial times
Samuel Morse; used electricity to invent the telegraph, using an electrical code
The “Morse Code” traveled at high speeds over long distances
Eventually electric generations were invented to power machines more efficiently