1. Avian Influenza Prevention and Control from an OIE Perspective T. Fujita OIE Regional Representative for Asia and the Pacific, World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Heads of Veterinary and Animal Production Services First SPC Regional Meeting Nadi, Fiji, 28 November -2 December 2005

2. Introduction Current AI situation Current AI situation -AI occurrences and Disease profile in Asia -AI occurrences and Disease profile in Asia OIE roles OIE roles OIE priority concepts for AI prevention and control OIE priority concepts for AI prevention and control OIE Collaboration programmes for AI OIE Collaboration programmes for AI OIE Mechanism of AI control OIE Mechanism of AI control

3. AI (H5N1) occurrences in Asia Country 1 st Report Country RO Korea 12/2003Malaysia8/2004 Thailand1/2004Russia7/2005 Cambodia1/2004Mongolia8/2005 Japan1/2004Kazakhstan8/2005 Laos1/2004 H5N2 (Taipei China, RO Korea, Japan) H7(DPR Korea), H7N3 & H9N2 (Pakistan), H5 ? (Philippines) Vietnam1/2004 Indonesia2/2004 PR China 2/2004 Turkey; H5, 6 Oct.05

4. Confirmed Human Cases of Avian Influenza A/(H5N1) IndonesiaVietnamThailandCambodiaChinaTotal casesdeathscasesdeathscasesdeathscasesdeathscasesdeathscasesdeaths 11793422113443213268 Source: WHO, 25 November 2005, Only laboratory-confirmed cases

5. Current AI Situation in Asia (Disease Profile 1) 1. Unprecedented cases and high Economic and Social negative consequences 2. Repeated outbreaks since the end of 2003 3. Viruses holding a foothold and circulating 4. Threatening risks to human and animal health 5. No immediate eradication foreseen 6. Possible spread to new countries and re- emerging (including roles of migratory birds)

6. Current AI Situation in Asia (Disease Profile 2) 7. Poor biosecurity – animal production systems (backyard, wet-markets, multi-species, etc.) 8. Impediment to trade 9. Increase of poverty 10. between regulatory control and enforcement 10. Gap between regulatory control and enforcement, and 11. Culling, Carcass disposal and compensation 12. Need for 12. Need for strategic vaccination 13. Many International Meetings recognize the above (OIE/FAO/WHO meetings, etc.)

7. OIE Roles (1) OIE mandate: “improve animal health (including zoonosis) worldwide” OIE mandate: “improve animal health (including zoonosis) worldwide” Provision of animal health and veterinary scientific information (Requirements of transparent and timely Notification) Provision of animal health and veterinary scientific information (Requirements of transparent and timely Notification) Standards setting on safety of international movements of animals and animal products (WTO-SPS) Standards setting on safety of international movements of animals and animal products (WTO-SPS) OIE Standards on surveillance for assessment of animal health status OIE Standards on surveillance for assessment of animal health status Disease information Disease information Strengthening (Capacity building) of Veterinary Services Strengthening (Capacity building) of Veterinary Services

8. OIE Roles (2) International Standards; International Standards; -OIE Code -OIE Code -New AI Chapter in May 2005, by the OIE International Committee, 167 MCs) -New AI Chapter in May 2005, by the OIE International Committee, 167 MCs) -OIE Manual for Diagnosis and Vaccines ( (including Avian Influenza) -OIE Manual for Diagnosis and Vaccines ( (including Avian Influenza) Provision of OIE scientific information; e.g. Provision of OIE scientific information; e.g. -Disease information (including AI) -Disease information (including AI) -Avian Influenza Information- OIE web site -Avian Influenza Information- OIE web site

9. OIE priority concepts for AI prevention and control (1) Concept of an international public good Concept of an international public good Good Governance and veterinary legislations Good Governance and veterinary legislations Capacity building and Quality of Veterinary Services (including Notification, Early Detection and Rapid Response and Preparedness) Capacity building and Quality of Veterinary Services (including Notification, Early Detection and Rapid Response and Preparedness) Relevant infrastructures and sustainable (human and financial) resources of Veterinary Services for strict implementation of legislation Relevant infrastructures and sustainable (human and financial) resources of Veterinary Services for strict implementation of legislation

10. OIE priority concepts for AI prevention and control (2) Reliability of diagnosis, rapid confirmation of suspects, Surveillance systems and pathogen confinement Reliability of diagnosis, rapid confirmation of suspects, Surveillance systems and pathogen confinement Stamping-out policy under OIE animal welfare standards Stamping-out policy under OIE animal welfare standards Safety of movements of animals and animal products (/Zoning and Compartmentalization) Safety of movements of animals and animal products (/Zoning and Compartmentalization) When and how to use vaccines (OIE Manual for vaccine manufacturing) When and how to use vaccines (OIE Manual for vaccine manufacturing) Bio-security measures Bio-security measures

11. OIE collaboration programmes for AI Control OIE Reference Laboratories (157 Ref. Labs; 6 for Avian Influenza; 2 in Asia and the Pacific) and OIE Collaborating Centres (17 Centres) OIE Reference Laboratories (157 Ref. Labs; 6 for Avian Influenza; 2 in Asia and the Pacific) and OIE Collaborating Centres (17 Centres) OIE Collaboration with FAO including GF-TADs (Global Framework for the progressive control of Transboundary Animal Diseases; AI – a targeted disease : GF-TADs Regional Steering Committee Permanent Secretariat = OIE Regional Representations) OIE Collaboration with FAO including GF-TADs (Global Framework for the progressive control of Transboundary Animal Diseases; AI – a targeted disease : GF-TADs Regional Steering Committee Permanent Secretariat = OIE Regional Representations) OIE/FAO OFFLU network (synergies on research and scientific information), and WHO Laboratories interface, OIE/FAO OFFLU network (synergies on research and scientific information), and WHO Laboratories interface, OIE/FAO/WHO GLEWS OIE Collaboration with other International/Regional Organizations including World Bank, SPC, etc. OIE Collaboration with other International/Regional Organizations including World Bank, SPC, etc.

12. OIE Mechanism of AI Control (examples) Global Regional NationalLevel Global forum for alliance and partnerships Global quality centre Improvement of governance and veterinary policies New alliances between public and private sector, international organizations (e.g. FAO, WHO) and donors Support regional programmes Global fund for animal health coordinated by OIE in association with partners Support to OFFLU and others, etc. Capacity building for policy makers and private sector Quality Centres for support to countries Support to countries -Evaluation and audits of Veterinary Services -Preparation of national projects AI, -In the framework of GF-TADs mechanism (AI, etc.) - OIE Regional Represenations and Offices worldwide, etc. National project preparation with the support from Regional Quality Centres Evaluation of quality of Veterinary Services, Creation of national committee of stakeholders, evaluation of appropriate investments in infrastructures including laboratories Promulgation of new governance and policies design complying with OIE Standards, Compensation funds, etc.

13. Thank you for your attention!! T. Fujita, OIE Tokyo