1. Caesar’s English II Lesson IX (9)
STEM
MEANING
WORD
mar-
sea
submarine
junct-
join
conjunction
luc-
light
translucent
tempor-
time
temporary
medi-
middle
medium

2. Mar (sea) marine, maritime, mariner
MAR means sea.
The marine environment is the sea; maritime regulations bring law to the conduct of ships at sea, and a mariner is a sailor!
Spanish…marinero

3. Junct (join) conjunction, junction, adjunct
JUNCT means join.
A conjunction is a word that joins two words or two groups of words; a junction is where two roads join, and an adjunct is something or someone that is joined as a part of something else!
Spanish…adjuncto

4. LUC (light) lucidity, translucent, pellucid
LUC means light.
Lucidity is brightness; something is translucent (trans--across, lucid--light) if light goes partly through it (but if it were perfectly clear, it would be transparent); and pellucid waters are crystal clear!
Spanish…translucido

5. MEDI (MIDDLE) MEDIUM, MEDITERRANEAN, IN MEDIAS RES
MEDI means middle.
The medium is the middle; the Mediterranean Sea is surrounded by continents, and to begin a story in medias res (a Latin phrase) is to begin in the middle of the story. The most famous story that begins in medias res is Homer’s The Odyssey.
Spanish…mediterraneo

6. TEMPOR (TIME) TEMPORAL, TEMPORIZE, CONTEMPORARY
TEMPOR means time.
Living things are temporal being because their lives are bounded by time; to temporize is to delay or stall; and your contemporaries are those who live at the same time you do!
Spanish…contemporizar

7. Caesar’s English II Lesson IX (9)
STEM
MEANING
WORD
mar-
sea
submarine
junct-
join
conjunction
luc-
light
translucent
tempor-
time
temporary
medi-
middle
medium

8. Maritime : Sea ::
blue : color
aviation : air
medium : length
mariner : captain

9. Maritime : Sea ::
blue : color
aviation : air
medium : length
mariner : captain

10. Ancestor : Contemporary ::
temporize : stall
glass : pellucid
self : descendant
junction : crossroads

11. Ancestor : Contemporary ::
temporize : stall
glass : pellucid
self : descendant
junction : crossroads

12. Find the best opposite.
TRANSLUCENT
medium
adjunct
temporal
opaque

13. Find the best opposite.
TRANSLUCENT
medium
adjunct
temporal
opaque

14. LUCIDITY
confusion
brilliance
eclipse
perspicacity

15. LUCIDITY
confusion
brilliance
eclipse
perspicacity

16. The barbarians stared at Caesar’s fierce defenses and __________, afraid to attack.
ambuscaded
temporized
marinated
interdicted

17. The barbarians stared at Caesar’s fierce defenses and __________, afraid to attack.
ambuscaded
temporized
marinated
interdicted

18. In the ___________ water of the stream, Augustus could see the fish perfectly.
temporal
pellucid
opaque
fluid

19. In the ___________ water of the stream, Augustus could see the fish perfectly.
temporal
pellucid
opaque
fluid

20. Caesar and Cicero were _________ who lived at exactly the same time.
contemporaries
contradictions
conjunctions
temporizers

21. Caesar and Cicero were _________ who lived at exactly the same time.
contemporaries
contradictions
conjunctions
temporizers

22. Advanced Word: Pellucid
The adjective pellucid (peh-LOO-sid), comes from the Latin pellucidus, and is based on the stems per (through) and luc (light). Pellucid means crystal clear, so clear that light goes right through. When something is pellucid, there is no distortion or fog, the substance is absolutely transparent. In Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote that “The water in the fountain, pellucid as crystal, was alive with myriads of gold and silver fishes.”

23. The Grammar of Vocabulary: lucidity, a noun.
In battle Caesar’s mind was very lucid.
_____________________________________

24. Caesar’s Classic Words Challenge
From Martin Luther King’s Why We Can’t Wait
We can…try to _________, to negotiate small, inadequate changes.
marinate
ambuscade
temporize
mediate

25. Caesar’s Classic Words Challenge
From Martin Luther King’s Why We Can’t Wait
We can…try to _________, to negotiate small, inadequate changes.
marinate
ambuscade
temporize
mediate

26. From Joseph Heller’s Catch-22
[They walked] under the __________ emptiness of the sky.
pellucid
Mediterranean
temporal
adjunct

27. From Joseph Heller’s Catch-22
[They walked] under the __________ emptiness of the sky.
pellucid
Mediterranean
temporal
adjunct

28. From Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man
[He heard] the apathetic moaning of the dumb, ___________ waves.
pellucid
temporal
translucent
adjunct

29. From Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man
[He heard] the apathetic moaning of the dumb, ___________ waves.
pellucid
temporal
translucent
adjunct