1. 1 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Cisco IOS IP Service Level Agreements Technical Overview Internet Technologies Division November 2004

2. 2 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Agenda Introduction Cisco IOS IP Service Level Agreements (SLA) Overview Use Cases for Cisco IOS IP SLAs Cisco IOS IP SLAs for VoIP Cisco IOS IP SLAs for IP/MPLS

3. 3 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 VPNs with IOS-based Managed Services Corporate Intranet Remote Users/ Telecommuters Cable/DSL/ISDN ISP SP Converged IP/MPLS Network VPN B PE Internet Provider Networks Head Office Business Partner Corporate Extranet Remote Access Branch Office Security With Cisco IOS Firewall & Intrusion Prevention System Routing With Cisco Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol Management With Cisco IP SLAs Local or Direct Dial ISP MPLS to IPsec/PE

4. 4 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Service Provider:Improved and flexible SLA management Enterprises:Access to comprehensive SLA reports © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Exclusive SLAs for IP/MPLS Networks Measure Either CE– PE or CE–CE or PE-PE Links Enterprise Site 2 Enterprise Site 1 Measure Either CE–PE or CE–CE Links Cisco IOS IP SLAs’ operations measure per VPN Allows measurements from a PE to CE routers P Router CRS-1 SP Converged IP/MPLS Network

5. 5 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Cisco IOS IP SLAs Advantages IIIIII VPN SLAs are essential to VPN services Quality of Service (QoS)- based measurements Revenue for differentiated services Brings IP service customer confidence VoIP Demonstrate how VoIP is working Deploy with confidence Enhanced customer satisfaction Metrics useful for trouble shooting & and reducing down time Business Applications Assure delivery with network performance Meet business objectives with guaranteed service levels Assure network quality of service Reduce downtime Key Services Benefit from Cisco IOS IP SLA

6. 6 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Cisco IOS IP Service Level Agreements: A New Direction Cisco solution that assures IP service levels, proactively verifies network operation, and accurately measures network performance Comprehensive hardware support Committed Cisco partner support Cisco IOS Software, the world’s leading network infrastructure software Access Enterprise Backbone Enterprise Premise Edge Service Provider Aggregation Edge Service Provider Core Enterprise and Small Medium Business Understand Network Performance & Ease Deployment Verify Service Levels Verify Outsourced SLAs Measure and provide SLAs Service Providers Cisco IOS Software

7. 7 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Cisco IOS IP SLAs Understanding IP Service Levels Optimize IP business applications and services Voice over IP, Video, and VPN Reduce total cost of ownership End to end service level measurements

8. 8 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Cisco IOS IP SLAs Benefits Measurements and Metrics Proactive Automated Intelligence Continuous Predictable Reliable OPTIMIZED APPLICATIONS & SERVICES REDUCED TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP AND OpEx Performance visibility Prove service levels Enhance Customer satisfaction Enhance acceptance of business- critical services Reduce deployment time Lower mean time to restore and downtime Proactive identification of issues enforces higher reliability

9. 9 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Fine tune and optimize Ongoing measurements to understand behavior with proactive notification Baseline network performance Verify network readiness for new services with Cisco IOS IP SLA capabilities. Quantify results Reduce deployment time Prove service and application differentiation Verify service levels Reduce network down time Manage demand for the network Understand network performance baseline Confidence to deploy new IP services and applications Assure application and service deployment 1 2 3 4 Cisco IOS IP SLAs Life Cycle

10. 10 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Cisco 800 Series Cisco 1700 Series Cisco 3700 Series Cisco 2600 Series Cisco 7300 Series Cisco Catalyst 6500; Cisco 7600 Series Cisco 10000 Series Cisco 12000 Series Cisco 7200 Series Cisco 4500 Series Enterprise & Aggregation/Edge Cisco IOS Software Release 12.2S Cisco 2900, 3550, & 3750 Series Cisco 7200 & 7300 Series Comprehensive Hardware Support Access Core Cisco IOS Software Releases 12.3T and 12.4

11. 11 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Round Trip Time Network Jitter Dist. of Stats Connectivity Packet Loss FTPDNSDHCPTCPJitterICMPUDPDLSWHTTP Network Performance Monitoring Service Level Agreement(SLA)MonitoringNetworkAssessment Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) MonitoringVoIPMonitoring Availability Trouble Shooting Protocols Measurement Metrics Applications IP Server MIB Data Active Generated Traffic Destination Source Defined Packet Size, Spacing COS and Protocol IP Server Responder LDPH.323SIPRTP IP SLA Cisco IOS Software IP SLA Cisco IOS Software IP SLA Cisco IOS Software Example: Multi-Protocol Measurement and Management with Cisco IOS IP SLAs RadiusVideo

12. 12 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 *DATA TRAFFIC *VoIP *SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENT *AVAILABILITY **STREAMING VIDEO REQUIREMENT Minimize Delay, Packet Loss Verify QoS Minimize Delay, Packet Loss, Jitter Measure Delay, Packet Loss, Jitter One-way Connectivity testing Minimize Delay, Packet Loss IP SLA MEASURMENT Jitter Packet loss Latency per QoS Jitter Packet loss Latency MOS Voice Quality Score Jitter Packet loss Latency One-way Enhanced accuracy NTP Connectivity tests to IP devices Jitter Packet loss Latency Cisco IOS IP SLAs Uses and Metrics * Currently available **Limited availability in 9/04; complete in CY’05

13. 13 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Cisco IOS IP SLAs Leading Performance Measurements Cisco IOS IP SLA has been the most popular way to measure performance statistics (ie: latency, jitter, packet loss, and MOS) because: Simplicity of solution, as compared to other technical solutions High level of confidence The packets are controlled Cost scalable Dedicated probes are not required Cisco IOS IP SLA responder increases measurement accuracy Not possible with ping or other dedicated probe testing

14. 14 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 UDP Jitter Operation Example Time Frequency = IP SLA UDP Jitter test packet – Operation 1 destination IP 10.0.0.1 = IP SLA UDP Jitter test packet – Operation 2 destination IP 20.0.0.1 Interval Number of Packets UDP Jitter default settings: Frequency = 1 minute Interval = 20 milliseconds Number of Packets = 10

15. 15 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Cisco IOS IP SLAs Source and Responder Source Router Cisco IOS Software router that sends data from operation Cisco IOS Software may or may not be the target Some operations require the target to run the IP SLA responder Stores results in MIB Configuration for each operation (destination) device Responder Responds to IP SLA packets at destination User defined UDP/TCP ports IP SLA Control Protocol MD 5 Authentication Accurate measurements

16. 16 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 UDP Jitter Operation Packet Stream IP SLA IP Core Responder Send train of packets with constant Interval Receive train of packets at Interval impacted by Network Add a receive time stamp, and calculate delta, the processing time. Per-direction inter-packet delay (Jitter) Per-direction packet loss Average Round Trip Delay

17. 17 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Responder The Responder takes 2 Timestamps (T2 & T3) Source Router Responder Target Router T1 T4 T3 T2  = T3 - T2 Responder factors out destination processing time making results highly accurate Responder allows for one-way measurements for latency, jitter, packet loss, and MOS

18. 18 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Reaction Trigger to Events Can send SNMP traps for certain “triggering” events: Connection Loss and Timeout Round Trip Time Threshold Average Jitter Threshold Unidirectional packet loss, latency, jitter, MOS Scores Can trigger another IP SLA operation for further analysis Threshold Violation Threshold violation No Alert 100 ms 50 ms Time Alert Resolution Threshold Violation Trigger Immediate Consecutive X of Y times Average Exceeded Cisco IOS IP SLAs Reaction Conditions 18 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Cisco Internal Use Only

19. 19 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Availability

20. 20 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 THIRD PARTY PRODUCTS Cisco Network Management Solution Cisco IP Solution CenterMPLS VPN and SLA Monitoring Internetworking Performance MonitorEnterprise performance measurements Cisco IOS IP SLAs Partners

21. 21 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 CISCO IOS IP SLAs USE CASES

22. 22 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 SLA Verification and Management Customer obtains from Service Provider: Availability QoS Jitter SLAs Service Provider needs visibility in the Customer Edge, in order to commit to SLAs Enterprise will verify SP SLAs by using access router edge to edge measurements Enterprise may provide restricted Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) (RTT, Latency, QoS) visibility into Access router for Service Provider Service Provider with restricted access can report SLA as a service back to the enterprise

23. 23 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Network Monitoring Cisco IOS IP SLA answers the following question: What is the jitter, latency, or packet loss between any two points in the network? IP Services can be simulated by specifying various packet sizes, ports, class of service, packet spacing, and measurement frequencies Uni-directional and highly accurate measurements Measurements per class of service to validate service differentiation for data, voice, and video Cisco IOS IP SLA will identify an edge to edge network performance baseline and allow the user to understand trends and anomalies from the baseline

24. 24 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 IP Network Readiness Network assessment tool built into Cisco IOS Software Simulate IP Services and verify how well they will work in the network How well is QoS working in the network pre- deployment Post deployment continued verification of network performance per IP service

25. 25 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Availability Monitoring Cisco IOS IP SLA uses proactive monitoring for periodic, reliable, and continuous availability measurements Connectivity measurements from Cisco router to router or Cisco router to server Threshold notifications when end point is not available What is the availability of a Network File System (NFS) server used to store business critical data from a remote site ? Cisco IOS IP SLA UDP active measurement to specific server ports is used to test remote site to server connectivity If server is unavailable, then traps can notify the network management system

26. 26 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Troubleshooting with Cisco IOS IP SLAs Proactive notification of problems and issues based on threshold alerts Testing edge to edge consistently and reliability will save time in finding and pin pointing network performance problem areas Secondary activation of path operation (ie: path jitter) or activation of operations at a higher frequency to isolate and verify problem areas in the network

27. 27 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 CISCO IOS IP SLAs FOR VoIP

28. 28 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Call setup measurements Standard jitter, Packet loss, latency measurements Voice quality score measurements IP SLAs for Voice over IP VoIP may be difficult to deploy when the network behavior is not well understood Cisco IOS IP SLAs will verify network readiness and QoS Measure critical performance for VoIP deployment Real time warning of network performance degradation IP SLA is universally available across Cisco IOS Software routers Hardware-based VoIP measurements

29. 29 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Voice quality measurements between any two network points on any path Continuous, reliable, predictable performance monitoring Cisco IOS IP SLAs thresholds and hop-by-hop details isolate problems Cisco IOS IP SLAs for VoIP A PSTN IP WAN Headquarters A Branch IP SLA End to End Measurements IP SLA WAN Measurements IP SLA Network to Server Measurements 29 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Cisco Internal Use Only

30. 30 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 Cisco IOS IP SLAs for VoIP Features November 2003 (Release 12.3(4)T) VoIP Codec Simulations using Cisco IOS IP SLA active monitoring Voice Quality Scoring March 2003 (Release 12.3(7)T) New Threshold traps, one-way packet loss, jitter, latency and MOS

31. 31 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 CISCO IOS IP SLAs FOR IP/MPLS

32. 32 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 IP CLASS OF SERVICE ONE-WAY DELAY THROUGHPUTJITTER QoS BANDWIDTH PER AAPP Priority Voice Traffic < 80 ms Packet loss < 5% less < 35 msMax 75% Real-Time Traffic – Video < 80 ms Packet loss < 3% 60% Priority Data Traffic < 100 ms Packet loss < 2% 30% Best Effort Traffic No target 10% Cisco IOS IP SLAs Example United States, Service Provider Jitter: telephony and multi-media conferencing Packet Loss: telephony, multi-media conferencing, streaming media, low latency data Delay: telephony, multi-media conferencing, streaming media

33. 33 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 VPN SLAs and Performance Measurement 10.10.10.1 10.11.10.1 10.12.10.1 (PE) CEs with VRFs Red, Blue and Yellow. Cisco IOS a leader in IP/MPLS How to measure an SLA within a specific VPN? Cisco IOS IP SLA operations are vrf-aware and measure an SLA per VPN Allows measurements from a PE or multi-vrf CE router Releases 12.2(2)T, 12.2(20)S, and 12.0(26)S

34. 34 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04 References Cisco IOS IP SLAs www.cisco.com/go/ipsla

35. 35 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco IOS IP SLA, Technical, 9/04