1. CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION HEALTH EFFECTS RSICORP.COM

2. CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION Because RF (Radio Frequency) energy is now recognized as a physical hazard, you must con- sider workers and the publics exposure when planning operations at communications sites,or for that manner, any location where RF energy may be present. Its the Law

3. CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION To meet its responsibilities under NEPA, the Commission has adopted requirements for evaluating the environmental impact of its actions. One of several environmental factors addressed by these requirements is human exposure to RF energy emitted by FCC regulated transmitters and facilities. OET Bulletin 65 97-01

4. CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION On Aug. 25, 1997 97-303 was adopted with a DATE CERTAIN of Sept. 1, 2000. (January 1, 1998 for Amateur Radio Service) The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 does not allow "grand fathering. The FCC/NTIA or OSHA can not Grand Father

5. CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION Non-Ionizing Basics

6. CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION Electro-Magnetic Energy (EME) RF is a form of electromagnetic energy (EME) used for transmitting radio signals. The main effect of EME exposure is heating. (on-going studies).

7. CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION Electro-Magnetic Energy (EME) EME exposure is non-accumulative.

8. Atom electron nucleus electron - + - Non-Ionizing Radiation - RF energy that only cause vibrations or oscillations of the atoms which results in heat but does not strip electrons from atoms. Ionizing Radiation - Energy that causes electrons to be stripped from atoms ionizing the atom and changing its characteristics. The tissue is no longer as it was. Ionizing vs. Non-Ionizing Water Molecule H 2 O

9. CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION Human RF Absorption Characteristics Frequencies under 30 MHz are characterized as Sub-resonant, where: The body and its parts are not conducive to acting as an antenna. (The wavelength is too long.) RF Absorption is not relevant at these frequencies. The energy simply passes through the body. Induced current effects are a possibility. (OSHA enforces induced current limits). Low frequency applications include AM broadcasting, induction and RF heat sealers, as well as diathermy (<30 MHz).

10. CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION Contact/Induced Current RF contact current is the current induced onto the body when contact is made with a hot metallic object that is in the vicinity of a high- level, low frequency emitters. Induced current is the current that is induced into the entire body when an individual is standing in a field created by high power, low frequency operations.

11. CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION AND OVER 100% MPE

12. CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION Resonance: 1/2 λ 75 MHz Isolated 1/4 λ 38 MHz Grounded At frequencies between 30 and 300 MHz, the human bodys characteristics lend themselves to being a good antenna, where: The body and its parts experience maximum absorption and therefore acts like an antenna, resonating with the frequency. The Specific Absorption Rate influences the bodys ability to cool after exposure. Medium Frequency (30-300 MHz) Medium Wavelength

13. CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION Human RF Absorption Characteristics At frequencies from 300 MHz to 300 GHz: The bodys ability to act as an antenna is greatly reduced. The absorption rate decreases rapidly at frequencies above 300 MHz. (The wavelength is too short.) The absorption of RF energy in the skin is an important factor. Body parts tend to resonate at these frequencies, especially the eyes and male reproductive organs. Higher frequencies include Paging, Sat. radio, Cell/PCS and Microwave & Radar.

14. T ISSUES AND R F W AVES TissueTissue RF WAVES Reflection/ScatteringReflection/Scattering RefractionRefraction AbsorptionAbsorption TransmissionTransmission > 300 MHz 30 - 300 MHz < 30 MHz CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION

15. Similar To An Antenna?

16. CONFIDENTIAL R.S.I. CORPORATION HEALTH EFFECTS Eyes (Animal and Human) Keratitis (sandy, dry eyes), cataractogenesis) Microwave Hearing (clicking or buzzing) Immune System (Animals) Behavior, Neurological (Animals) RF Shocks (Induced currents) Implanted devices Cancer/Leukemia not by thermal (Ongoing studies) Reproduction (Animals) T-Cell Reduction (At 1.4W/Kg) Page 8

17. Questions? Questions?