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Chapter Introduction Section 1 Living in Europe Section 2 People and Their Environment Chapter Summary & Study Guide Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides. Contents

Intro 1

Chapter Objectives Examine recent economic changes in Europe as they relate to industry, agriculture, transportation, and communications.  Discuss the impact of industrialization and urban development on Europe’s environment, focusing on the challenges of acid rain, global warming, and air and water pollution. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Intro 2

As you read this chapter, note the ways Europeans are striving to care for their environment. Choose one environmental challenge, and write a short essay comparing Europeans’ solutions to measures in your community. Intro 3

End of Intro

Living In Europe Objectives
Discuss the types of economic systems found in Europe.  Explain why economic changes are taking place in Europe.  Describe how transportation and communications systems link European countries to one another and to the rest of the world. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-1

Living In Europe Terms to Know European Union (EU) 
Maastricht Treaty  heavy industry  light industry  mixed farming  farm cooperative  state farm  genetically modified food  organic farming Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-2

Living in Europe Places to Locate Ruhr  Denmark
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-3

Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.
Section 1-4

In 1998, eight of the world’s thirteen busiest airports (excluding those in the United States) were in Europe. Airports in London, England; Frankfurt, Germany; Paris, France; Amsterdam, Holland; Madrid, Spain; and Rome, Italy, had between 24.9 and 60.7 million people pass through them in just one year. Section 1-5

Changing Economies Today Europe is one of the world’s major manufacturing and trading regions.  The European Union, which unites much of western Europe into one trading community, enjoys a greater volume of trade than any single country in the world. (pages 313–316) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-6

Changing Economies (cont.)
The European Union The European Union was formed in the 1990s in an effort to make Europe’s economies competitive with those of the rest of the world.  Member countries agreed to eliminate restrictions on trade and travel among themselves.  The European Union also paved the way for a common European currency, the euro; a central bank; and a common foreign policy. (pages 313–316) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-7

Member countries have worked to boost trade and to improve economic productivity.  They also have tried to control government spending for social welfare programs–a move many Europeans oppose. (pages 313–316) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-8

Eastern Europe Since communism’s fall in 1989, eastern European countries have been moving from command economies to market economies.  Loans and investments from foreign countries have helped them in their efforts, but many workers have lost the social “safety net”–free health care, child care, lifetime jobs, and other social benefits–provided by the communist system. (pages 313–316) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-9

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Changing Economies (cont.) If you lived in a European country, would you be for or against the European Union? Explain. Possible answers: For: It makes travel easier and provides economic stability, and a common currency is convenient. Against: Ethnic and cultural differences may make it difficult to unite, and some countries might lose political or economic power. (pages 313–316) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-10

Industry Manufacturing Great manufacturing centers in Germany, France, Italy, Poland, and the Czech Republic are located near natural resources such as deposits of coal and iron ore.  Countries without these resources, such as the Netherlands or Denmark, specialize in light industry. (pages 316–317) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-11

Industry (cont.) Service and Technology Industries About 60 percent of workers in western Europe work in service industries, such as banking, insurance, and tourism.  High-technology industries are a growing sector of western Europe’s economy. (pages 316–317) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-12

Industry (cont.) How does European industry compare to that of the United States? Possible answers: Similarities include factories near natural resources and transportation routes, variety of goods produced. Differences include that Europe is not unified under a central government as is the United States, and European governments have a stronger role in setting economic goals, regulating businesses, and providing public services. (pages 316–317) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-13

Agriculture The percentage of farmers in each European country varies greatly, from 2 percent in the highly industrialized United Kingdom to about 50 percent in largely agricultural Albania.  European farmers provide a wide variety of agricultural goods, depending on the climate.  Olives, fruits, and vegetables grow in southern areas; grains and livestock are raised in northern areas. (pages 317–318) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-14

Agriculture (cont.) Farming Techniques Many western European farmers practice mixed farming, raising several kinds of crops and livestock on the same farm.  Most western European farmers own their land, and the average farm covers about 30 acres (about 12 ha).  Farm cooperatives, modern equipment, and fertilizers are helping improve efficiency on Europe’s farms. (pages 317–318) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-15

Agriculture (cont.) Farmers in eastern Europe are adjusting to the change from collective farms or state farms to private ownership of land. (pages 317–318) Section 1-16

Agriculture (cont.) Agricultural Issues More and more European farmers are using organic farming methods.  Genetically altered crops and the use of toxic pesticides increasingly concern European consumers.  In 2001 an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in the United Kingdom severely affected European agriculture. (pages 317–318) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-17

Agriculture (cont.) In what ways might the European Union benefit farmers? Possible answer: Since different parts of the region produce different crops, a high volume of trade is necessary. The removal of trade barriers and the creation of a common currency will make trade much easier. (pages 317–318) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-18

Transportation and Communications
Europe’s transportation network is among the best in the world.  Modern communications systems also link most parts of Europe to one another and to the rest of the world. (pages 318–319) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-19

Transportation and Communications (cont.)
Railways and Highways Railroads move freight and passengers throughout Europe.  Trains, including high-speed trains, link most western European cities to airports, industrial centers, natural resources, and one another.  Europe also boasts a superb highway system. (pages 318–319) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-20

More Europeans own cars than do people in any other part of the world except the United States. (pages 318–319) Section 1-21

Transportation and Communications (cont.) (pages 318–319) Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Section 1-22

Seaports and Waterways European ports handle more than half of the world’s international shipping.  The Rhine River, which runs through central Europe, carries more freight than any other European river.  Europe’s fine system of canals also links port cities. (pages 318–319) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-23

Communications Links Communications systems in western Europe are similar to those in the United States; people use fax machines, cellular phones, and the Internet as well as regular telephones and surface mail.  Telecommunications in eastern Europe lag somewhat behind those in western Europe. (pages 318–319) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-24

With the end of communist rule, government censorship of printed material has ended. (pages 318–319) Section 1-25

Transportation and Communications (cont.) Why do you think Europeans and Americans own more cars than people in the rest of the world do? Europe and the United States are highly developed countries. Most people have a high standard of living and higher income levels than do people in less developed regions. Both Europe and the United States have excellent highway systems. (pages 318–319) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-26

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
Checking for Understanding Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. __ 1. the use of natural substances rather than chemical fertilizers and pesticides to enrich the soil and grow crops __ 2. raising several kinds of crops and livestock on the same farm __ 3. a 1992 meeting of European governments in Maastricht, the Netherlands, that formed the European Union __ 4. an organization whose goal is to unite Europe so that goods, services, and workers can move freely among member countries J A. European Union (EU) B. Maastricht Treaty C. heavy industry D. light industry E. mixed farming F. farm cooperative G. collective farm H. state farm I. genetically modified food J. organic farming E B A Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Section 1-27

Checking for Understanding Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. __ 5. organization in which farmers share in growing and selling farm products __ 6. under communism, a farm managed by government officials __ 7. the manufacture of machinery and equipment needed for factories and mines __8. under communism, a large, state-owned farm on which farmers received wages plus a share of products and profits; also called a kolkhoz F A. European Union (EU) B. Maastricht Treaty C. heavy industry D. light industry E. mixed farming F. farm cooperative G. collective farm H. state farm I. genetically modified food J. organic farming H C G Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Section 1-28

Checking for Understanding Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. __ 9. manufacturing aimed at making consumer goods such as textiles or food processing rather than heavy machinery __ 10. foods whose genes have been altered to make them grow bigger or faster or more resistant to pests D A. European Union (EU) B. Maastricht Treaty C. heavy industry D. light industry E. mixed farming F. farm cooperative G. collective farm H. state farm I. genetically modified food J. organic farming I Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Section 1-29

Critical Thinking Making Comparisons What different challenges do eastern and western Europeans face as they move toward a more unified Europe? Western Europeans face reduced social welfare programs, promoting a single currency, and developing a common foreign policy. Eastern Europeans face adjusting to a market economy and addressing serious environmental problems. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-30

Critical Thinking Identifying Cause and Effect Explain how physical geography influenced Europe’s economic development. Section 1-31

Critical Thinking Drawing Conclusions What are the advantages and disadvantages of Europe’s communications systems? Western Europe is linked by TV, radio, the Internet, and satellite services. Those services are not as readily available in eastern Europe, which hinders economic growth. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-32

Analyzing Maps Region Study this map of the European Union. What common cultural and geographic features aided the formation of the EU? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-33

Analyzing Maps Common cultural features include language (Romance and Germanic), religion, history, education standards, democratic societies, and market economies. Common geographical features include an abundance of fertile land and natural resources and access to waterways. Section 1-34

Applying Geography Agriculture in Europe Imagine that you are a farm-worker in eastern Europe. Write a description about how your work activities have changed since the fall of communism. Possible answer: Thinking more like an entrepreneur and being concerned about competition and new developments in technology. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-35

Close Reread “A Geographic View” on page 313 of your textbook. Write a paragraph explaining what Gàbor Szabò meant by, “That’s what I want … to become a European.” Section 1-36

End of Section 1

People and Their Environment
Objectives Explain how industry and farming practices have affected Europe’s environment.  Identify the steps that are being taken to protect Europe’s environment.  Discuss the successes Europeans have had in recent decades in reversing the effects of pollution. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-1

Terms to Know dry farming  acid rain  meltwater  acid deposition  environmentalist  greenhouse effect  global warming  biologist Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-2

Places to Locate Romania  Mediterranean Sea  Strait of Gibraltar  Carpathian Mountains Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-3

Factory worker in Czechoslovakia Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Section 2-4

In 1997, an international summit on global warming was held in Kyoto, Japan. Representatives of the European Union proposed a goal to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases by 15 percent by the year At the end of the summit, the European Union member countries agreed to a reduction of 8 percent. Section 2-5

Humans and the Environment
Geological forces such as earthquakes and volcanoes helped create the landscape of Europe.  These forces still affect the region today, as do droughts in southern Europe. (pages 320–321) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-6

Humans and the Environment (cont.)
The Delta Project After a severe flood in 1953 that killed about 1,800 people, a system of dams and dikes was built in the Netherlands to protect its coastline from flooding.  Floods Flooding has caused damage in much of Europe in recent years.  Scientists debate whether the cause of the flooding is a natural climate cycle or global warming. (pages 320–321) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-7

Humans and the Environment (cont.) Do you think increased flooding in Europe is due to natural climate cycles or to global warming? Explain your answer. Possible answers: Natural climate cycles have always changed the earth’s climates, for example, several ice ages. The increase in greenhouse gases and deforestation are causing Earth’s temperature to rise, affecting the weather and climate worldwide. (pages 320–321) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-8

Pollution Years of industrialization have had a devastating impact on Europe’s air, water, and soil.  Before the collapse of communism in 1989, eastern European countries had almost no laws to control industrial pollution.  Pollution from factories and plants also has affected the health of western Europeans and their environment. (pages 321–323) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-9

Pollution (cont.) To meet this challenge, the European Union now requires environmental protection and cleanup from its members. (pages 321–323) Section 2-10

Pollution (cont.) Acid Rain Air pollution containing acid-producing chemicals creates acid precipitation.  The effects of acid precipitation are especially severe in eastern Europe, where lignite coal is still burned for fuel, but acid rain does not respect a country’s borders.  Pollution from eastern Europe damages forests, pollutes rivers and the soil, and damages artistic and architectural treasures across Europe. (pages 321–323) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-11

Pollution (cont.) Air Pollution Breathing polluted air greatly affects public health in Europe.  As a result, life expectancy is lower in the more heavily polluted countries of eastern Europe.  Air pollution also poisons crops.  Europe is taking steps to address air pollution, but much work needs to be done. (pages 321–323) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-12

Pollution (cont.) (pages 321–323) Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Section 2-13

Pollution (cont.) Global Warming Many environmentalists believe that increased carbon dioxide from vehicle exhausts and industrial pollution is responsible for the gradual warming of Earth’s atmosphere.  Not all scientists agree that global warming is occurring, however, and because the problem is global, reaching an agreement to reduce greenhouse gases is difficult. (pages 321–323) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-14

Pollution (cont.) Water Pollution Waste disposal is the source of most water pollution in Europe.  Water pollution harms or kills marine and animal life and endangers the health of people who drink the water and eat its fish.  The Mediterranean Sea, open to the Atlantic Ocean only through the narrow Strait of Gibraltar, takes almost a century to completely renew itself. (pages 321–323) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-15

Pollution (cont.) In eastern Europe, the Danube River is seriously affected by agricultural runoff and untreated sewage. (pages 321–323) Section 2-16

Pollution (cont.) (pages 321–323) Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Section 2-17

Pollution (cont.) How might the European Union reduce pollution in member countries? Possible answers: Establish trade sanctions or levy fines against polluters. Offer countries and their industries financial incentives to improve environmental quality. Encourage recycling, conservation, and reforestation. Educate people about the dangers of pollution. Encourage mass transportation through incentive programs. (pages 321–323) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-18

Reducing Pollution Concern for the Environment Europeans today feel responsible for protecting and preserving the environment for future generations.  They want to preserve what little wilderness area is left. (pages 323–325) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-19

Reducing Pollution (cont.) (pages 323–325) Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Section 2-20

Reducing Pollution (cont.)
Cleanup Efforts The European Union has strict environmental regulations for its member countries.  They can face fines and legal action if they do not comply.  Pollution that crosses national borders requires international cooperation. (pages 323–325) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-21

Reducing Pollution (cont.)
Plans for the Future By 2010 the European Union wants all member countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to 15 percent below 1990 levels.  Countries must follow strict environmental standards to be admitted to the Union. (pages 323–325) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-22

Reducing Pollution (cont.) (pages 323–325) Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Section 2-23

Reducing Pollution (cont.) More Europeans drive cars than do the people of any other region except the United States. Cars cause pollution. What do you think Europeans might do to resolve this dilemma? Possible answers: Develop alternatives to fossil fuels. Encourage more people to take the trains, ride bicycles, or carpool. Continue to improve mass transportation systems. (pages 323–325) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-24

Checking for Understanding Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. __ 1. wet or dry airborne acids that fall to the earth __ 2. person actively concerned with the quality and protection of the environment __ 3. gradual warming of the earth and its atmosphere that may be caused in part by pollution and an increase in the greenhouse effect __ 4. farming method used in dry regions in which land is plowed and planted deeply to hold water in the soil D A. dry farming B. acid rain C. meltwater D. acid deposition E. environmentalist F. greenhouse effect G. global warming H. biologist E G A Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Section 2-25

Checking for Understanding Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. __ 5. water formed by melting snow and ice __ 6. the capacity of certain gases in the atmosphere to trap heat, thereby warming the earth __ 7. precipitation carrying large amounts of dissolved acids which damages buildings, forests, and crops, and kills wildlife __ 8. scientist who studies plant and animal life C A. dry farming B. acid rain C. meltwater D. acid deposition E. environmentalist F. greenhouse effect G. global warming H. biologist F B H Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Section 2-26

Critical Thinking Identifying Cause and Effect Why does eastern Europe have higher levels of industrial pollution than western Europe? Eastern Europe has higher levels of industrial pollution because of a legacy of more than 50 years of environmental neglect by communist leaders Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-27

Critical Thinking Finding and Summarizing the Main Idea Why do cleanup and preservation of the environment require cooperation in Europe? Cleanup and preservation of the environment requires cooperation because pollution crosses political borders. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-28

Critical Thinking Making Generalizations What are some of Europe’s major challenges as its countries work to improve the environment? Some of the major challenges include upgrading factories responsible for water and air pollution, reducing automobile emissions, setting standards to comply with EU laws, and protecting the Mediterranean Sea, which is vulnerable to pollution from tourism and industry and agriculture. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-29

Analyzing Maps Human-Environment Interaction Refer to the population density map on page 262 and the map of Germany on page 326. In what ways are areas of dense population and areas affected by acid rain related? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-30

Analyzing Maps Densely populated areas are also the most industrialized. Forests in Scandinavia, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic have been seriously damaged from acid rain from pollutants that have drifted north and east. Section 2-31

Applying Geography Environmental Protection Imagine that you live in a polluted area of Europe. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper there, suggesting steps to halt environmental damage. Section 2-32

Close Write a short essay on the consequences of forest destruction. Remember to include the role that trees play in curtailing erosion, and that forests are home to thousands of species of animals, insects, and vegetation. Section 2-33

End of Section 2

Section 1: Living in Europe
(pages 313–319) Key Points The countries of the European Union work toward bringing the continent economic and political unity.  After years of communist rule, countries in eastern Europe face a difficult transition to market economies.  Europe’s economic activities include manufacturing, service and technology industries, and agriculture.  Much of Europe has well-developed communications and transportation systems. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Summary 1

Section 2: People and Their Environment (pages 320–325)
Key Points Acid rain is damaging Europe’s forests, waterways, wildlife, and buildings.  Air pollution from Europe’s factories endangers public health and the environment.  Greenhouse gases contribute to global warming.  Pollution threatens the water quality and wildlife in the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Europe.  European countries are taking steps to reduce pollution and clean up the environment. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Summary 2

End of Chapter Summary

Reviewing Key Terms Insert the key term that best completes each of the following sentences. acid deposition acid rain greenhouse effect heavy industry light industry Maastricht Treaty meltwater mixed farming organic farming state farm 1. Wet or dry pollution that falls directly to the ground is known as ___________________. 2. ___________________ is damaging Europe’s forests. 3. Raising several types of crops and livestock is called ___________________. acid deposition Acid rain mixed farming Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Chapter Assessment 1

Reviewing Key Terms Insert the key term that best completes each of the following sentences. acid deposition acid rain greenhouse effect heavy industry light industry Maastricht Treaty meltwater mixed farming organic farming state farm 4. ___________________ produces machinery. 5. Soviet officials managed a(n)________________, but did not share profits with the farmers. 6. ________________ carries the acid precipitation into rivers and lakes in the spring. 7. The ________________ set up the European Union (EU). Heavy industry state farm Meltwater Maastricht Treaty Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Chapter Assessment 2

Reviewing Key Terms Insert the key term that best completes each of the following sentences. acid deposition acid rain greenhouse effect heavy industry light industry Maastricht Treaty meltwater mixed farming organic farming state farm 8. The ___________________ causes the sun’s heat to be trapped near the earth’s surface. 9. ___________________ is the production of textiles or processed food. 10. ___________________ uses natural substances to increase crop yield. greenhouse effect Light industry Organic farming Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Chapter Assessment 3

Reviewing Facts Section 1: Living in Europe How is the European Union working toward economic and political unity for its members? The EU is working toward economic and political unity by eliminating the restrictions on the movement of goods, services, and people across its members’ borders. It is also promoting a single currency, a central bank, and a common foreign policy. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 4

Reviewing Facts Section 1: Living in Europe How has eastern European agriculture changed since the communist era ended? The agriculture now consists of more privately owned farms and farms smaller than the former state-run farms. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 5

Reviewing Facts Section 2: People and Their Environment Why is air pollution in Europe so widespread? Air pollution is so widespread because of the combination of traffic exhaust and industrial fumes, especially in formerly communist-controlled countries that had no environmental controls. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 6

Reviewing Facts Section 2: People and Their Environment How has the EU encouraged environmental protection and cleanup? The EU has encouraged environmental protection and cleanup by setting environmental standards for agriculture and industry for member countries, and requiring that such standards be met as a condition for membership. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 7

Critical Thinking Drawing Conclusions Why are pollution problems most severe in eastern Europe? Pollution problems are more severe in eastern Europe because of rapid industrialization and a lax attitude toward environmental issues during the communist era. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 8

Critical Thinking Making Predictions How might global warming affect Europe? How do you think the countries of Europe will address the issue of global warming in the future? Global warming might cause rising sea levels and severe drought. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 9

Locating Places Match the letters on the map with the physical features of Europe. C K G D E H A F J I L B __1. Mediterranean Sea __2. Po River __3. Italy __4. Athens __5. Madrid __6. Corsica __7. France __8. Adriatic Sea __9. Cyprus __10. Sardinia __11. Black Sea __12. Strait of Gibraltar Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Chapter Assessment 10

In the 1950s, what six European countries took the first step toward a united Europe? France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg took the step to unite Europe. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 11

End of Chapter Assessment

Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter.
Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Glencoe World Geography Web site. At this site, you will find interactive activities, current events information, and Web sites correlated with the chapters and units in the textbook. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to Geography Online

Choose the best answer for each of the following multiple-choice questions. If you have trouble answering the questions, use the process of elimination to narrow your choices. STP 1

1. Lignite, or brown coal, is easily and inexpensively mined. Why should European cities be discouraged from using lignite as a main fuel source? A Mining of lignite creates unsightly open pits that are dangerous to children. B Acid rain in European cities would be reduced by burning lignite. C European cities, especially in the east, use natural gas more than lignite. D Sulfur dioxide emissions from lignite cause high levels of air pollution. Test-Taking Tip For multiple-choice questions, remember to read each answer choice carefully. Some answer choices may not answer what the question asks. Sometimes, more than one answer may seem correct. Therefore, closely study the question so that you are sure of what it is asking, and then choose the answer choice that best answers the question. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. STP 2

2. How do prevailing winds affect the acid rain that falls in Europe? F Prevailing winds disperse acid rain across national borders. G Prevailing winds help clear away the acid rain, which results in less pollution. H Acid rain is heavier than air, so prevailing winds do not affect acid rain at all. J Europe’s industrial belt lies in an area with no prevailing winds. Test-Taking Tip For multiple-choice questions, remember to read each answer choice carefully. Some answer choices may not answer what the question asks. Sometimes, more than one answer may seem correct. Therefore, closely study the question so that you are sure of what it is asking, and then choose the answer choice that best answers the question. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. STP 3

Interdisciplinary Connection 2
Medicine Lead poisoning poses a major medical problem in the coal mining and industrial regions of Europe. Health records indicate that babies born in these regions have twice the safe amount of lead in their bodies. Interdisciplinary Connection 2

The European Union is developing laws to protect the environment against water and air pollution. The laws will control risks related to chemicals, biotechnology, and nuclear energy in member countries. FYI 2

Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.
Language Moldova Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide. Culture Note 1

Language Nearly 16 percent of European Union citizens are native English speakers. A survey of EU citizens taken in 2001 found that over half the survey respondents claimed to be able to converse in English. Culture Note 1a

Moldova Much of Moldova, formerly known as the Republic of Moldavia in the U.S.S.R., was created from captured Romanian lands. The Soviets forced the Moldavians to write their Romanian dialect in the Cyrillic alphabet instead of the Latin alphabet used in Romania. Culture Note 1b

Mythology In Roman mythology, Romulus was the founder and first king of Rome. According to legend, he and his twin brother, Remus, were abandoned by their father–Mars, the god of war–and then rescued and nursed by a female wolf. Culture Note 2

World Culture 1

Using the Internet for Research
Using the Internet for research is both easier and harder than using the library. It is easier because you can look through many different sources at one time. Internet research can sometimes be difficult because of the large amounts of information and the lack of organization to it. SkillBuilder 1

Learning the Skill Fortunately, you can search for information on the Internet in several ways. You can start your search with a search engine, such as or a reference center, such as Internet Public Library, at Once you find information, however, you need to consider its reliability.  Evaluate the source of the information. Avoid sources that do not provide facts or that are heavily slanted toward a particular view.  Keep records. Always record the Web site title and address, the date you viewed the Web site, and the author’s name (if available) so you can cite it. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. SkillBuilder 2

Learning the Skill The top level domain (TLD) at the end of a Web site address tells you what kind of site you have accessed. These are the most common TLDs:  1. .gov–government agencies, such as the Library of Congress or the U.S. State Department  2. .edu–educational sites, such as universities or the Smithsonian Institution  3. .org–nonprofit organizations, such as the United Nations and the World Wildlife Fund  4. .com–business sites, such as the National Geographic Society or the Discovery Channel; search engines, such as Yahoo, are often .com sites Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. SkillBuilder 3

Learning the Skill In 2000, seven new TLDs were introduced, including “.mus” for museums and “.biz”, an additional TLD for businesses. SkillBuilder 4

Practicing the Skill Use an Internet search engine to search for information about the environmental policies of the European Union. Analyze the Web sites you find. Then choose three sites, and record the reference information about each site. SkillBuilder 5

Maps and Charts Contents
The European Union, 2001 Chart Road to European Unity, Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide. Maps and Charts Contents

Maps and Charts 1

Maps and Charts 2

Political Map Transparency

Daily Focus Skills Transparency 1
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 1

Daily Focus Skills Transparency 2
Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 2

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