1. Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys Data Dissemination - Further Analysis Workshop Basic Concepts of Further Analysis MICS4 Data Dissemination and Further Analysis Workshop

2. Further Analysis: The Concept Any finding from the survey not covered by the final report Further = Beyond = Additional May range from very simple (and unused) descriptive analysis to sophisticated statistical analyses, comparative analyses, trend analyses…  Further analysis should not be seen as sophisticated/complex statistical analysis only MICS4 Regional Workshop

3. Why Perform Further Analysis The final report is a first descriptive presentation of survey findings, aimed at describing o Levels o Patterns o Associations/correlates o Disparities, vulnerable groups There is (almost) an infinite number of additional analyses that can be performed, for a variety of purposes MICS4 Regional Workshop

4. Why Perform Further Analysis MICS4 Regional Workshop Further Analysis Better understand relationships, correlations, explanatory factors Understand change Inputs to future surveys Generate more descriptive results Analyze data quality Design more effective policies and interventions Put results in a context …and more

5. Every further analysis should start with a well defined (research) question and curiosity to understand more, and better And ideas on possible uses of the results MICS4 Regional Workshop

6. Further analysis: Types, methods, approaches Descriptive analysis of unused data Simple descriptive analysis of indicator associations New analytical constructs Multivariate/complex/sophisticated analysis Trend analysis Comparative analysis Enhance data with other data sources Data quality analysis MICS4 Regional Workshop

7. Descriptive analysis of unused data MICS surveys/questionnaires and the final report are designed to be cost-effective –Do not collect data on topics for which at least a descriptive analysis plan does not exist –Use almost every question for the tabulations, indicators However, unused data still exists MICS4 Regional Workshop

8. Descriptive analysis of unused data MICS4 Regional Workshop Look at interview durationsEducational attendance beyond secondary school Household size, compositionDwelling characteristics, ownership Consumer items Can be useful to come up with more information on levels, patterns, associations, disparities Clues for future surveys

9. Descriptive analyses of indicator associations Final report includes tabulations of indicators by background characteristics, and patterns In a few cases of shows trends – early marriage, childbearing, mortality Indicators can be cross-analyzed with other indicators –Is diarrhea “incidence” linked to use of improved water and sanitation? –Is violent discipline of children associated with attitudes toward domestic violence? MICS4 Regional Workshop

10. New Analytical Constructs New “handles” to understand data Final report produces findings with pre-defined categories –Create new categories to better define vulnerable groups –Vulnerability index –Combine background characteristics: An ethnic group living in one zone MICS4 Regional Workshop

11. Multivariate/complex/sophisticated analysis Difficult and needs expert knowledge  All such analyses are only as good as the research question, theoretical model But can produce better understanding of relationships, correlates, even determinants  Which socio-economic characteristics of households contribute most to diarrhea?  What are the determinants of child mortality? MICS4 Regional Workshop

12. Trend Analysis Very useful to understand progress (or lack of it) Challenges: –Comparability –Statistical validity One survey can produce information on trends – early marriage, childbearing or mortality Compare results with results of previous surveys, data sources –Always useful to use external data as well – e.g. changes in use of bed nets, together with process indicators on distribution MICS4 Regional Workshop

13. Comparative Analysis Compare with other data sources in the same time period Cross-country comparisons Useful for putting results in a context, as more can be understood through comparisons For almost any indicator MICS comes with an advantage for such analysis as survey tools (indicators) are consistent with international definitions, harmonized with other survey programs (e.g. DHS) MICS4 Regional Workshop

14. Enhance Data With Other Data Sources If linked with other data, new “findings” can be presented, to shed new light on survey findings –Use GPS readings from MICS surveys with those from the health system to understand accessibility issues –Use census information to convert results into absolute numbers – to estimate “magnitude” of interventions, better impact with results For example, number of children dying every year MICS4 Regional Workshop

15. Data Quality Analysis Some analysis presented in the final report The more this can be done early on, the better –For better understanding of the non-sampling errors –What worked, what did not, what needs to change MICS4 Regional Workshop

16. Covered In This Workshop Each survey, each setting, each topic is somewhat unique and no prescription exists However, a certain number of topics are of common interest and analysis of these are performed across the world We look at three such topics: –Equity measures –Early childhood development –Youth and adolescence Further, in each of the topical sessions, we give some pointers to the more common analyses performed MICS4 Regional Workshop

17. Strategies to Encourage Further Analysis How do we ensure that data are further analyzed? Who should perform further analysis? “We need to get academics, research institutions to perform further analysis” Let us discuss…. MICS4 Regional Workshop