1. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Manipulated Gamma Spectroscopy: Methodologies and Applications Saed Dababneh Al-Balqa Applied University, JORDAN. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, GERMANY. University of Notre Dame, USA. Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, USA. CERN.

2. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Why … ? Efficiency Signal-to-Background Ratio Correction Factors Interference True Coincidence (Summing) Random Coincidences … For What …? Nuclear Structure Environmental Material Nuclear Astrophysics Medical Industrial … Composite detectors Online vs. offline histogramming Coincidence/anticoincidence …

3. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Classical Compton Suppression Online signal processing and hardware gating. Anticoincidences. Kill good events !!!

4. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Detector Spheres Cost Room Availability Passive Shielding

5. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Detector Spheres

6. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Chronic Corrections Geometry (Extended Source) Self Absorption True Coincidence Summing Random Coincidences Last Year !!

7. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Stellar Evolution (Overview)

8. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Thermonuclear Resonant Reactions Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Energy Cross section ECEC Resonance Strength Low energy ? Barrier penetration Yield 2 2 Background ?? Q Target Projectile Compound Nucleus

9. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Specific Problem Neutron sources for the s-process 14 N(, ) 18 F( + ) 18 O(, ) 22 Ne(,n) 12 C(p, ) 13 N( + ) 13 C(,n) At temperatures of interest: Reaction rate is dominated by 2 resonances; 470 & 566 keV. Never observed directly ! Estimated resonance strengths. Now: Improved detection sensitivity. Measured resonance strengths. 18 O + 770 750 660 566 470 22 Ne

10. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. How … ? Close Geometry Granularity (if available) Offline Analysis Timing Cosmic Suppression Random Coincidences Cascade Coincidences Measured Corrections Simulated Corrections Avoid Calculations based on assumptions …

11. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Experimental Setup for Accelerators

12. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007.

13. Multiplicities

14. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Cosmic Suppression

15. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Random Coincidences

16. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Addback vs. Direct Mode

17. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Addback vs. Direct Mode

18. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Summing-in and -out

19. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Doppler Correction

20. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Various Modes of Operation Ignore scintillation No suppression. Anticoincidences Use Pl. Scintillator Cosmic suppression. Use BGO Compton suppression. Coincidences (w/o cosmic suppression) Window on Clover + BGO Q-value gating. BGO window Cascade coincidences. Clover addback window Summing-in. Clover crystal window Summing-out.

21. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Ultimate Data Reduction Cosmic suppression. Cascade coincidences. Random coincidences. Signal-to-background ratio…!!! Offline 0 1.27

22. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Detection Sensitivity Low-energy ultra-weak resonance. 10 days beam on target.

23. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Detection Sensitivity

24. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Detection Sensitivity

25. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Detailed Coincidences R 1.27 1 2 3 4 Modes 1 & 2 are accounted for. Partial strength. Bypasses over first excited state?

26. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. 3-D Spectra

27. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. So what ? Improved detection sensitivity. Bypass verification. Weakest resonances detected. Target stability. Quantified reaction rate. Physical Review C 68, 025801 (2003)

28. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Setup for Small Samples Sample measured with 2 Clover detectors in close geometry. Each Clover consists of 4 HPGe crystals. Nearly 4π geometry High efficiency.

29. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Singles vs. Coincidences Phys. Rev. C 69 025803 (2004)

30. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Close geometry summing. Classical correction needs TOTAL efficiency MC total efficiency If MC why not MC Summing correction Validate MC What about efficiency for coincidences?? Monte Carlo (Remember 2006…!!)

31. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Correction Factor using Experimental Data 16 % in Direct Mode Confirmed by MC Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 517 (2004) 230-239

32. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Finally … Get spirit of ideas and apply to your setup Invest in yourself www.dababneh.com/yarmouk07

33. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007. Many Thanks www.dababneh.com/yarmouk07 Acknowledgement Franz Käppeler, Michael Heil, Rene Reifarth, Ralf Plag, Iris Dillmann, Michael Wiescher, Joachim Görres, Nikolas Patronis, Shawn OBrien.

34. Saed Dababneh. Seventh Symposium on Use of Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies. Yarmouk University, JORDAN. 3-5 Sept. 2007.

36. Again: Addback vs. Direct