1. Vlaamse Overheid Studiedienst van de Vlaamse Regering Boudewijnlaan 30 1000 Brussel Divorce among Turkish and Moroccan marriage migrants in Flanders (Belgium) Martine Corijn Research Center of the Flemish Government, Brussels Seventh Meeting of the European Network for the Sociological and Demographic Study of Divorce, June 25-26 2009, Antwerp, Belgium

2. Vlaamse Overheid Studiedienst van de Vlaamse Regering Boudewijnlaan 30 1000 Brussel Migration from Turkey and Morocco since 1960 Labour migration (stop in 1974): first generation Family reunification (extinguished): first and in-between generation Family formation (constant): marriage migrants Second (and third) generation: born in Belgium

3. Vlaamse Overheid Studiedienst van de Vlaamse Regering Boudewijnlaan 30 1000 Brussel Population Register Born since 1949 Living in Flanders on 1.1.2004 Marriage migrants: 16.750 from Turkey and 15.000 from Morocco 1.500 from Turkey and 2.300 from Morocco already divorced Individual data (couple data only for those still living together)

4. Vlaamse Overheid Studiedienst van de Vlaamse Regering Boudewijnlaan 30 1000 Brussel Partner choice across marriage cohorts: Origin homogamy decreases slightly

5. Vlaamse Overheid Studiedienst van de Vlaamse Regering Boudewijnlaan 30 1000 Brussel Socialisation culture homogamy increases slightly after strong decrease

6. Vlaamse Overheid Studiedienst van de Vlaamse Regering Boudewijnlaan 30 1000 Brussel Analyses At the individual level survival analyses Because of compositional differences event history analyses with control for age at first marriage and for marriage cohort

7. Vlaamse Overheid Studiedienst van de Vlaamse Regering Boudewijnlaan 30 1000 Brussel Divorce timing

8. Vlaamse Overheid Studiedienst van de Vlaamse Regering Boudewijnlaan 30 1000 Brussel Yearly divorce hazards

9. Vlaamse Overheid Studiedienst van de Vlaamse Regering Boudewijnlaan 30 1000 Brussel Main results (1) Gender effect (ref.=women): Among T mm: 3.21 (after control 2.88) Among M mm: 2.77 (after control 2.31) Origin effect (ref.=Belgians): Among men: 1.86 M mm and 0.94 T mm Among women: 0.68 M mm and 0.29 T mm Age at first marriage effect : positive for marriage migrants! Marriage cohort effect : positive

10. Vlaamse Overheid Studiedienst van de Vlaamse Regering Boudewijnlaan 30 1000 Brussel Main results (2) Law changes in 1994: divorce law and residence permit law Time period specific origin effect : Divorce peak early in marriage among male T mm and M mm Time period specific marriage cohort effect: Stronger divorce peak early marriage since 1994

11. Vlaamse Overheid Studiedienst van de Vlaamse Regering Boudewijnlaan 30 1000 Brussel Discussion Gender specific motivations for migration and for marriage Gender differences in coping with power, gender roles and freedom Between adaptation problems and divorce If marriage becomes the only gateway to the West (from long over short to long waiting period for residence permit, from marriage to unmarried cohabitation)