1. Changing Physical Environment and Settlement in the Hungarian Drava Plain in the 18-20th Century Péter Gyenizse, Institute of Geography, Dénes Lóczy, Ervin Pirkhoffer, Institute of Environmental Sciences University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6. E-mail: gyenizse@gamma.ttk.pte.hu

2. Since the 13th century: between the Almás and Okor steams and the Drava river Origin of the name: Finno-ugric ormo = emerging ridge or Turkish orman = forest Ormánság

3. Geomorphological districts Drava floodplain Ormánság mounds Fekete-víz and Pécsi-víz alluvial fan Pécs Basin

4. Landscape history latest colonization in South-Transdanubia more than 1000 km 2 inundated during Drava floods swamps: protection during the Mongolian Invasion and Turkish Occupation Gyöngyös stream Almás stream Okor stream Pécsi stream

5. Changing landscape Changes in the Fekete-víz drainage basin (after Erdősi, F. 1977) 1 = stagnant water at the beginning of the 19th century; 2 = water-mills; 3 = stream channel at the beginning of the 19th century; 4 = braided channel across marsh at the beginning of the 19th century; 5 = artificial channel reach formed since the middle of the 19th century; 6 = former reach abandoned during artificial diversion Promjene u sljevnom području Fekete-víza (prema Erdősi, 1977) 1 = stagnirajuća voda na početku 19. stoljeća; 2 = vodenice; 3 = korita na početku 19. stoljeća; 4 = prepletena korita u močvarnom području na početku 19. stoljeća; 5 = umjetni kanal izgrađen od sredine 19. stoljeća, 6 = napušteni dio kanala nakon umjetnog skretanja

6. Functions by altitudinal zones Bogdása church floodplain forest below 95 m: permanent waterlogging – fishing ca 95-97 m: seasonal waterlogging – gathering ca 97-100 m: forest – stock breeding, foddering above ca 100 m: arable farming, settlements Vertikalne zone korištenja zemljišta Ormánság-a

7. Settlement density in the Árpád Age (until the 14th century) (by Péter Gyenizse)

8. Settlement density in 1783- 84 (by Péter Gyenizse)

9. Settlement density in the 20th century (by Péter Gyenizse)

10. Nagycsány viewed from church hill Microtopography, drainage and settlement

11. Planform changes in Sellye, 1784-1991 (by Péter Gyenizse) 17841856-601880195019671991 97,1-98m0.0% 98,1-99m0.0%0.8%0.0%0.4% 0.7% 99,1-100m0.9%1.6%3.4%11.4%12.7%31.6% 100,1-101m3.4%19.6%18.8%15.0%14.6%17.2% 101,1-102m23.3% 28.0%29.1%28.2%17.9% 102,1-103m35.5%25.5%23.0%21.6%21.3%17.2% 103,1-104m22.2%18.6%17.3%13.1% 8.7% 104,1-105m5.3%5.0%4.2%4.1%4.5%3.6% 105,1-106m3.8%2.2% 2.4% 1.7% 106,1-107m1.6%0.9%1.0%1.2% 0.6% 107,1-108m0.7%0.5%0.4%0.6%0.5%0.3% 108,1-109m2.4%1.4%1.2%0.8% 0.4% 109,1-110m0.6%0.4%0.3%0.2% 0.1% 110,1-111m0.3%0.2% 0.1% 0.0% Topografija okolice Sellye i promjene u izgrađenom području

12. Population changes in South-Transdanubian settlements, 1784-1870 (1784 = 100%) (by Péter Gyenizse) Pécs Sellye Szigetvár Szentlőrinc Siklós Harkány

13. Pécs Sellye Szigetvár Szentlőrinc Siklós Harkány Population changes in South-Transdanubian settlements, 1870-1941 (1870 = 100%) (by Péter Gyenizse)

14. Shrinking forests, 1784-1880 (by Péter Gyenizse, from maps of Miltary Surveys)

15. Population changes in South-Transdanubian settlements, 1941-1990 (1941 = 100%) (by Péter Gyenizse)

16. Many thanks for your attention