1. Hypervisors Virtual Machine Monitor, VMM, virtualizer Supervised by Prof. Dr. Wesam Bheya Prepared By Maghrib Abidalreda

2. Hypervisors 1. Describing a Hypervisor 1.1 Exploring the History of Hypervisors 2.1 Understanding Type 1 Hypervisors 3.1 Understanding Type 2 Hypervisors 2. Understanding the Role of a Hypervisor 1.2 Holodecks and Traffic Cops 2.2 Resource Allocation 3. Comparing Today’s Hypervisors 1.3 VMware ESX 2.3 Citrix Xen 3.3 Microsoft Hyper-V 4. Other Solutions 1.4 VMware Workstation 16 Player 2.4 Windows Virtual PC 3.4 Virtual Box

3. 1. Describing a Hypervisor

6. 1.1 Exploring the History of Hypervisors In the 1990s, researchers began investigating the possibility of building a commercially affordable version of a VMM. The structure of a VMM is fairly simple. It consists of a layer of software that lives between the hardware, or host, and the virtual machines (VMs) also called guests. Figure 2.2 is a virtual machine monitor architecture.

7. 2.1 Type 1 Hypervisors A Type 1 hypervisor runs directly on the server hardware without an operating system beneath it. Because there is no other intervening layer of software between the hypervisor and the physical hardware, this is also referred to as a bare-metal implementation. Without an intermediary. Figure 2.3 illustrates a simple architecture of a Type 1 hypervisor.

8. 3.1 Type 2 Hypervisors A Type 2 hypervisor itself is an application that runs atop a traditional operating system, this is also referred to as a hosted. Figure 2.5 illustrates a Type 2 hypervisor

9. Hypervisor Type 1 vs. Type 2

11. 2. Understanding the Role of a Hypervisor 1.2 Holodecks and Traffic Cops Hypervisor acts like a traffic cop, controlling the flow of vehicles so that no one has to wait too long in any one direction and all the roads are used fully.

12. 2. Understanding the Role of a Hypervisor 2.2 Resource Allocation Hypervisor handle all of the storage I/O requests from the guest, but the network I/O, memory processing, and CPU. It does this for all of the guests that are hosted on the physical server on which the hypervisor is running.

13. 3 Comparing Today’s Hypervisors

14. 3 Comparing Today’s Hypervisors 1.3 VMware ESX ESX, which is otherwise known as the vmkernel component. The Linux kernel was the primary virtual machine; it was invoked by the service console. At normal run-time, the vmkernel was running on the bare computer, and the Linux-based service console ran as the first virtual machine. VMware dropped development of ESX at version 4.1, and now uses ESXi, which does not include a Linux kernel at all.

15. 3 Comparing Today’s Hypervisors 1.3 VMware ESX

16. 3 Comparing Today’s Hypervisors 2.3 Citrix Xen How XenServer works The Xen hypervisor launches the most privileged domain, dom0. This is the only virtual machine that by default has direct access to hardware and can manage user domains, such as domU, which are the unprivileged guest virtual machines. The hypervisor is responsible for the memory management and CPU scheduling of the guest machines. XenServer is built on an open source Xen hypervisor. It's like an operating system and uses a combination of Para virtualization and hardware-assisted virtualization.

17. 3 Comparing Today’s Hypervisors 2.3 Citrix Xen

18. 3 Comparing Today’s Hypervisors 3.3 Microsoft Hyper-V Hyper-V allows x64 versions of Windows to host one or more virtual machines, which in turn contain a fully configured operating system. These guest systems are treated as partitions. The term is also known as hard drive partitioning and Hyper-V virtualization works the same way. Each virtual machine is an isolated unit next to the parent (or root) partition, the actual operating system. Child partitions can be created and managed through an interface (called Hypercall API ) in the host system, child partitions use the " VMBus. It is a channel that allows communication between partitions.

19. 3 Comparing Today’s Hypervisors 3.3 Microsoft Hyper-V

21. 3 Comparing Today’s Hypervisors

22. 4 Other Solutions 1.4 VMware Workstation 16 Player VMware Workstation 16 Player is a platform for running a single virtual machine on a Windows or Linux PC to deliver managed corporate desktops.

23. 4 Other Solutions 2.4 Windows Virtual PC Windows Virtual PC is the latest Microsoft virtualization technology. It lets you run many productivity applications in a virtual Windows environment.

24. 4 Other Solutions 3.4 Virtual Box Oracle Virtual Box is a free open source software product that is distributed under the GNU General Public License, version 2 (GPLv2), VirtualBox runs on Windows, Linux, Macintosh, and Solaris hosts and supports a large number of OS.

25. References 1. Virtualization-Essentials-Sybex-book-2016 2. A-Study-On-Virtualization-Techniques-And-Challenges-In-Cloud- Computing - 2015 3. https://www.hitechnectar.com/blogs/hypervisor-type-1-vs-type-2/ 4. https://www.sysadmintutorials.com/tutorials/vmware-vsphere-4/esx- 4/installing-vmware-esx-4/ 5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMware_ESXi 6. https://www.nakivo.com/blog/vmware-esx-vs-esxi-key-differences- overview/ 7. https://www.hebergementwebs.com/knowhow/hyper-v-microsoft-s- virtualization 8. https://www.vmware.com/products/workstation-player/workstation- player-evaluation.html 9. https://www.virtualbox.org/

26. Hypervisors