1. 4 th International Evidence Based Policing Confere nce A systematic study of Police Patrol using new technology Neil Wain

2. Where are the police? Tackling Patrol Effectively (1996) Diary of a Police Officer (2001) only 17% officer time on reassurance patrol. In 2010 HMIC asked this question In its report Demanding Times (2011) only 12% visible and available Not just a question of where are they or when are they on? But what are they doing?

3. Police patrol the evidence Visible Policing is linked to public confidence. Deterrence theory of patrol now proved –clear, if modest, general deterrent effects of substantial increases in police presence in crime hot spots … [it is time for] criminologists to stop saying there is no evidence that police patrol can affect crime (Sherman and Weisburd, 1995) Philadelphia Foot Patrol experiment 2009 Bratton – cops on the dots

4. Police patrol the evidence Albert J Reiss Jr Systematic Social Observation (SSO) Police field research in 1960/70s

5. How Systematic Social Observation is done....it includes selection of problems for investigation, preliminary investigation by direct observation (optional), definition of the universe to be observed, sampling for observation, development of instruments to collect and record observations systematically, provision for measuring error, pre-testing instruments, organization for direct field observations, processing observations,and quantitative analysis* *Reiss, Systematic Observation of Natural Social Phenomena,

6. How Systematic Social Observation is done. Where – Geographically defined study areas. The When – specific tours of duty The What – police and citizen behaviours The Who – officers in the beats at selected times.

7. A systematic study of Police Patrol using new technology - method Study in GMP Utilise ARLS, xReplay and FOXi

8. A systematic study of Police Patrol using new technology - method Where – Set of Police beats/Priority neighbourhoods –Volume of crime –Calls for service –Sociodemographic data When –Specific tours of duty What specific tasked or directed patrol Who Police officers and PCSOs on patrol.

9. A systematic study of Police Patrol using new technology – outcomes? Analysis of patrols tasked to patrol crime hotspots and priority neighbourhoods. Revealing: –Where police patrol? –Length of time? –Any relationship with crimes/incidents? –Any crime reduction? –Cost effectiveness? Limitations?

10. A systematic study of Police Patrol using new technology

14. 86 Rugby Road Looking For "Jack Jones" Before Walking Off Towards Yorkshire Street. She Described The Male As 19-20 Years Old, About 5'4" Height, With A Slim Wiry Build. Not Further Described. This Male May Or May Not Be Connected To The Incident But Is Included For Information Purposes. XX Stanley St (27th) - P1A4 White Male, Slim Build, Late Teens, Approx 5'6" Tall, Dark Black Hair, Possibly Wearing A Black Ed Hardy T-Shirt And Dark Coloured Jeans. Nfd Sus. No forensics Tonights focus OLDHAM ROAD ROCHDALE (MARKED TO WORK THIS ROAD THROUGHOUT TOUR-BELIVED STOLEN AUDI AND OTHER CARS TRAVELLING THIS ROUTE) TOWN HEAD, ROCHDALE, P1A beat (Burglary hotspot) Descriptions from 2 breaks on this area: 3) KIRKHOLT AND KINGSWAY, ROCDALE, P2H & F beat (Burglary hotspot) A systematic study of Police Patrol using new technology

15. Start Date/time: 01/06/2011 19:00:00 End Date/time: 02/06/2011 02:00:00 TypeInOutDuration Response01/06/2011 21:4201/06/2011 21:4300:01:04 Response01/06/2011 21:4301/06/2011 21:4400:00:57 Sergeant (NPT)01/06/2011 21:3201/06/2011 21:3600:04:01 Sergeant (NPT)01/06/2011 21:3801/06/2011 21:4000:01:55 Traffic02/06/2011 00:3602/06/2011 00:3700:01:01 Inspector01/06/2011 21:3801/06/2011 21:4000:02:02 Total Time0:11:00

16. A systematic study of Police Patrol using new technology

18. PCSO 01/06/2011 19:43 01/06/2011 20:04 00:20:58 PCSO 01/06/2011 19:42 01/06/2011 20:04 00:21:02 PCSO 01/06/2011 19:41 01/06/2011 20:04 00:23:09 But we can map the actual patrol undertaken.

19. A systematic study of Police Patrol using new technology These are the results of the operation from the areas examined

20. A systematic study of Police Patrol using new technology Im asking that more researchers begin to work with us and among us in the real- world laboratories of our departments and cities to help us prove or disprove the beliefs and practices that I, as a practitioner, and most of my colleagues deeply believe, espouse, and practice. Bill Bratton former Commissioner NYPD/LAPD