1. Nationalism in Europe
Chapter 24

2. Europe 1815 Map pg. 712

3. Italian Unification
Fall of Rome – Italy became a group of competing states that are ruled by Austria
Leaders of Unification
Giuseppe Mazzini – created nationalist group called Young Italy (heart)
Camillo di Cavor – founded nationalist newspaper called Il Risorgimento (brain)
Giuseppe Girbaldi – led a military group called the “Red Shirts” to gain control of most of Italy (sword)

4. German Unification
Revolution of 1848 – Germans revolt against Prussian King Frederick Wilhelm IV
He promised to compromise on democracy
Later he backed out of his promise
Zollverein – an economic alliance among most German states in after king didn’t keep promises
Otto von Bismark – became the Prime Minister of Prussia
Made goals and policies called realpolitik (politics based on reality)
Unification would come from “Blood & Iron”

5. German Unification Map pg. 721

6. Austria-Hungary Ruled by the Hapsburg family & Metternich
Metternich – powerful voice at Congress of Vienna
Fought to keep monarchy in Austria
Succeeded for a few years
Revolutions in France, Italy, & Germany inspire revolts in the Austrian Empire
Many different nationalities living within the Austrian Empire wanted Independence

7. Russia
Last of the Czars of Russia – Nicholas I, Alexander II, Alexander III, Nicholas II
Tried reforms but could not hold back revolutionary leaders & revolts
Marxists – group calling for change in Russia
Led by Karl Marx = wanted to create a socialist republic
Socialist republic – society in which there would be no private property & the state would collectively own & distribute goods
Revolution of 1905 – workers strike, university students protest, peasants rebel against landlords
October Manifesto = official promise by Czar Nicholas II
Response to Revolution of 1905 promised Russian Constitution & reform