2. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
PROPERTIES
&
CHARACTERISTICS

3. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
MIXTURE OF HYDROCARBONS
COMMERCIAL PROPANE
COMMERCIAL BUTANE
MARKETED IN INDIA AS PER
BIS 4576 : 1978
TEST METHODS
STORAGE
PRESSURE VESSEL
REFRIGERATED VESSEL

4. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
TYPICAL COMPOSITION
MAINLY C3 & C4
MINOR TRACES OF C2 & C5
DEPENDS ON SOURCE
REFINERY
FRACTIONATORS
SR GRADE
APPROX. NIL UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS
NIL IMPURITIES

5. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
COLOUR
LIQUID PHASE
VAPOUR PHASE
ODOUR
FAINT SMELL
STENCHING
DENSITY / SPECIFIC GRAVITY
TIMES HEAVY
SETTLES AT LOWER LEVELS

6. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
DENSITY / SP. GRAVITY
LIQUID PHASE
0.525 TO 0.58 AT 15 DEGREE CENTIGRADE
VAPOUR PRESSURE
TWO PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
16.87 KGF / SQ. CM. AT 65 DEG. CENT.
120 PSI AT 100 DEGREE FOREN.
VOLATILITY
RAPID EVAPORATION - 1: 250

7. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
COEFFICIENT OF VOL. EXPANSION
PER DEGREE CENTIGRADE RISE
15-20 KGF / SQ.CM RISE IN PRESSURE PER DEG RISE IN TEMP.
FILLING RATIO / ULLAGE
FLAMMIBILITY
LEL: 1.5 % ( ALL SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIKE GMS , EXPLOSIMETER ETC. )
HEL : 9%

8. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
COMBUSTION
INCREASES VOL. OF PRODUCT AS 50 TIMES AIR IS REQUIRED AND 3-4 TIMES OF OWN VOL. CO2 IS GENERATED APART FROM HEAT
RESULTS IN ASPHYXIATION , REQUIRE VENTILATION
C. V. : KCAL / KG.
FLAME TEMP WITH AIR DEG. CENT.
WITH OXYGEN DEG. CENT.
IGNITION TEMP.
AUTO IGNITION TEMP DEG. CENT.

9. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
BOILING POINT
TEMP. AT WHICH VAP. PR. EQUALS ATM. PR.
(-) 2 TO (-) 42 DEG. CENT.
MELTING OR FREEZING POINT
TEMP. AT WHICH SOLIDIFICATION OCCURS
VERY LOW I.E. LESS THAN (-) 47 DEG. CENT.
VISCOSITY
VERY LOW IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER PETRO. PRODUCTS CS
REQUIRES HIGH ITEGRITY OF STORAGE & HANDLING SYSTEM

10. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
SOLUBILITY
LESS SOLUBILITY IN WATER
SOLUBLE IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS & ALCOHAL
TOXICITY
HIGH RELEASES DISPLACES OXYGEN
RESULTS IN SUFFOCATION
ACTS AS ANAESTHETIC
CAUSTIC RESIDUE
USED FOR TREATING HYDROGEN SULPHIDE
IF REMAINS RESULTS IN CORROSION
CAUSTIC PRESENCE SHOULD BE ELIMINATED

11. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
EFFECT OF WATER
CORROSION
PARTIAL CLOSING OF VALVES
EFFECT OF AIR
POSSIBILITY OF FORMING EXPLOSIVE MIXTURE
AUTO IGNITION
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING COMMISSIONING
RETARDS FILLING

12. LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
HEALTH HAZARD
NON TOXIC
ASPHYXIATION DUE TO LACK OF OXYGEN
NARCOTIC EFFECT IF INHALED IN LARGE QTY
FIRE HAZARD
PRODUCT DISCHARGE
STATIC ELECTRICITY
PYROPHORIC IRON
BLEVE
UNCONFINED VAPOUR CLOUD EXPLOSION

13. INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS
AGRICULTURE: GRAIN DRYING, WEED KILLING, TEA/COFFEE/TOBACCO CURING
AUTOMOBILIES: HEAT TREATMENT & PAINT BAKING
CERAMIC : CALCINATION, GLOST FIRING, OF SSTONEWARE & PORCELAIN
CHEMICALS / DRUGS: HEATING, DRYING, FEED STOCK IN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
ELECTRICAL : BULBS / TUBELIGHTS, FILAMENT ANNEALING

14. INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS
ENGINEERING: METAL MELTING, FORGING, ANNEALING, STRESS RELIEVING, PAINT BAKING, HEAT TREATMENT
FOOD : BAKING, BOILING, FRYING, DRYING
GLASS : MELTING, HOLDING, BLOWING, POLISHING, STRESS RELIEVING
METALLURGICAL : ANNEALING, BILLET HEATING, MELING, DESCALING, STRESS RELIEVING, MOULD / CUPOLA/ LADLE PRE-HEATING

15. INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS
METAL WORKING : CUTTING, HOLD PIERCING, WELDING
PACKAGING : SOLDERING
TEXTILE : DRYING, SINGING, CALENDERING, STENTERING, PRINT DRYING, DYEING, VELVET PROCESSING
MISC. AEROCOL - AS PROPELLANT, BITUMENT MELTING, OIL CLEANING

16. LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING
STEP I : DECIDE WHETHER LPG IS RIGHT FUEL
FACTOR : ECONOMICS
AVAILABILITY
APPLICATION SUITABLITY
STEP II : DECIDE WHETHER PACKED OR BULK
FACTOR : CONSUMPTION
ECONOMICS APPLICATION SUITABILITY

17. LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING
STEP III : SIZE OF INSTALLATION
FACTORS: PEAK HOURLY RATE OF CONSUMPTION
DAILY / MONTHLY CONSUMPTION
DISTANCE FROM SUPPY POINT
CYLINDER ROOM / BULK STORAGE

18. LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING
STEP IV : PIPE LINE SIZE / ROUTE
FACTORS : FLOW RATE
PRESSURE DROPS
BRANCHES / POINTS OF CONSUMPTION
EASE OF REPAIRS / TROUBLE SHOOTING

19. LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING
STEP V : CHOOSING PRESSURE REGULATORS
FACTORS: PRESSURE NEEDED FOR BURNERS
RATE OF CONSUMPTION
DISTANCE FROM INSTALLATION TO CONSUMING POINT’

20. Thank you