1. APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TOWARDS THE ACHIEVMENT OF THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS. SUSTAINABLE MESIANO 2015 Camilla Archetti*, Guido Zolezzi*, Agustí Perez-Foguet** *University of Trento, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Via Mesiano, 77 – 38100 Trento, Italy Phone: +39 0461 882639 **ETSECCPB, Universitat Politènica de Catalunya C/ Jordi Girona, 1-3 08034 Barcelona, Spain camilla.archetti@ing.unitn.itcamilla.archetti@ing.unitn.it, guido.zolezzi@ing.unitn.it, agusti.perez@upc.edu guido.zolezzi@ing.unitn.itagusti.perez@upc.edu camilla.archetti@ing.unitn.itguido.zolezzi@ing.unitn.itagusti.perez@upc.edu I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

2. CONTEXT: Sustainable Mesiano 2015 project – faculty of Engineering of Trento, Italy Master in Appropriate Environmental Technologies for the Developing Countries (activated in 2004, after the implementation of the Bologna process). Still the only existing pilot in Italy Decade of Education for Sustainable Development – UNESCO Framework of the 8 Millennium Development Goals I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

3. 1- Research of the tools to study and monitor the Development trend: the indicators 2- Added value of University curricular activities which didactic contents are planned in the perspective of the Millennium Development Goals – study case presented OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: - To put in evidence two ROLES OF THE ACCADEMIC COMMUNITY as actor of a shared responsibility on Development issues : I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

4. Risks and Criticities Participation (Jan Pronk, the MDGs and the Policies of Globalization) Window dressing (L. Gold, Understanding the risk of the MDGs) Gap finalities - methodologies (R.Bissio, Civil Society and the MDGs) Human Rights Paradigm (A. Sitta, lezioni di Diritto allo Sviluppo e Obiettivi del Millennio) Not measurable neither comparable Indicators (Amir Attaran, LONU prigioniera degli MDGs, Darwin, Nov.05) I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

5. Lack of the initial reference values Target 11 temporal range not univoque (2020) Target 11 temporal range not univoque (2020) Indicatore 32 lack of a definitions framework (safe house) Indicatore 32 lack of a definitions framework (safe house) Lack of correlation among the indicators Risks and Criticities: SOME EXAMPLES I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

6. Aggregated indicators ISU (UNPD) ESI (Center for Global Development) Impronta Ecologica (Rees, Wackernagel) ICE (European Community and Agency for the Environment) Indicators of Bellagio (Italian Statistics National Conference) Litterature: other indicators I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

7. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (UNDP) Aggregated indicator Ecologic FOOTPRINT (Rees, Wackernagel) Measure Unit: bioproductive equivalent surface Life expectancy Education Economy Litterature: other indicators I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

8. WORLD ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT DISTRIBUTION (2003) Every individual: 1,7 ha Litterature: other indicators

9. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT Litterature: other indicators

10. HOW TO BUILD an INDICATOR Different Ethic Principles can lead towards different sustainable goals and paths. (Johnson, 1991) EDUCATION, ECOLOGY, ETHICS, ECONOMY LONGER TIME SCALE Principles that are at the base of the direction towards which the system goes Goals Indicators BasicOrientators Choice Principles and criteria

11. PROPOSAL OF A NEW INDICATOR Choice Axiom Zermelo-Fraenkel (1920)

12. PROPOSAL OF A NEW INDICATOR ORIENTATORLOGIC Education It represents how the culture, the sciences, the knowledge, the values, the memory and the accumulated experiences are transferred from one generation to another. Ethics It indicates and orients how the respect, the human rights, the relationships, the responsibility awareness, the politics, the justice found space and indications in respect to the actions to be undertaken. Economy It represents an orientator of the quantification of the value of objects in a wide sense and of the exchange dynamics, market activities in an analysis as much complete as possible of the entire life cycle of each product. Ecology It orients the human actions in a clear context of attention to the environment, to the nature, to the resources and it analyzes the interconnections, even the ones less evident, between the natural systems and the anthropic factors.

13. Research of a principle of equivalence: ACTIONS = TIME ACTIONS = TIME TIME = DEDICATED TIME TIME = DEDICATED TIME THE DEDICATED TIME IS : - MEASURE UNIT AND A READING GRID - NEW VALUES WITHIN THE MAN – NATURE – SOCIETY RELATIONSHIPS PROPOSAL OF A NEW INDICATOR I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

14. DEVELOPMENT as a concept that belongs to a set of observables and indeed measurablesDEVELOPMENT as a concept that belongs to a set of observables and indeed measurables DEVELOPMENT as system actractor. Actractor of the ACTIONS identified as DEDICATED TIMEDEVELOPMENT as system actractor. Actractor of the ACTIONS identified as DEDICATED TIME PROPOSAL OF A NEW INDICATOR I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

15. It is GENERALIZABLEIt is GENERALIZABLE Each unit, from the single person to the institution or association, in DEDICATING TIME PRODUCES DEVELOPMENT, both in terms of formation than of actionEach unit, from the single person to the institution or association, in DEDICATING TIME PRODUCES DEVELOPMENT, both in terms of formation than of action Range of time scale: individuals lifeRange of time scale: individuals life LONG TIME LONG TIME THE DEDICATED TIME I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat Oskar Lange (1960)

16. Application of the theory of the dedicated time, DT to different realities University School Firm Government Individuals In the context of the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development, which urges societies around the world to begin re-orienting their educational systems towards sustainability, there is a need of planning and implementing programs that will bring environment and sustainability into the mainstream of learning and research (UNESCO,2005). DECADE OF EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2005 - 2014

17. University School Firm Government Individuals Ask for engineers with competencies different from the past– called the engineers of the 21 st century – and explicit need of a curricola reforming that integrate disciplinar aspects from other scintific and cultural fields (European Journal of Engineering Education, SEFI) ENGINEERING EDUCATION Application of the theory of the dedicated time, DT to different realities

18. In parallel with the educative goals of the traditional environmental engineer, the specific goals are related to the acquisition of specific personal skills. In order to form professional figures with technical-scientific competencies but also with attitudes and skills related to team work, multi disciplines and inter cultural dialog capacities, in order to be able to evaluate in a appropriate way the environmental, social and cultural impact of complex situations. Master degree in Appropriate Environmental Technologies for Developing Countries I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

19. Curriculum builded in the perspective of the achievment of the Millennium Development Goals Master degree in Appropriate Environmental Technologies for Developing Countries I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

20. Master degree in Appropriate Environmental Technologies for Developing Countries

21. STUDY CASE: ESTRAPOLATION OF THE 4 ORIENTATORS It is indeed possible to find within each class actions, contents and didactics belonging to one of each of the E

22. DEDICATED HOURS AND THE 4E DEDICATED HOURS AND THE 4E I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

23. Possible European level cooperation: Erasmus Mundus

24. logical mathematical approach for the individuation od the orientators and of a measure unit pin order to make them commutablelogical mathematical approach for the individuation od the orientators and of a measure unit pin order to make them commutable The criticities of the MDGs can be overcome The criticities of the MDGs can be overcome Application to a context of a university curriculumApplication to a context of a university curriculum DESD: crucial role of the Education DESD: crucial role of the EducationCONCLUSIONS I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat

25. THANKS FOR THE ATTENTION APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TOWARDS THE ACHIEVMENT OF THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS. SUSTAINABLE MESIANO 2015 Camilla Archetti*, Guido Zolezzi*, Agustí Perez-Foguet** *University of Trento, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Via Mesiano, 77 – 38100 Trento, Italy Phone: +39 0461 882639 **ETSECCPB, Universitat Politènica de Catalunya C/ Jordi Girona, 1-3 08034 Barcelona, Spain camilla.archetti@ing.unitn.itcamilla.archetti@ing.unitn.it, guido.zolezzi@ing.unitn.it, agusti.perez@upc.edu guido.zolezzi@ing.unitn.itagusti.perez@upc.edu camilla.archetti@ing.unitn.itguido.zolezzi@ing.unitn.itagusti.perez@upc.edu I congrés UPC SOSTENIBLE 2015 – 2007 Educaciò, Tecnologìa I Sostenibilitat