1. Key issues to consider when switching to digital January 2012

2. Going digital – 12.5 kHz DMR or 6.25 kHz FDMA? Two of the most important reasons that LMR users go digital are to add voice capacity and to more easily add data applications This presentation sets out the important issues for the user to think about

3. Adding capacity – 12.5 kHz DMR or 6.25 kHz FDMA? Adding data applications nearly always means that more capacity is needed to ensure: Existing voice quality of service is to be maintained and The new application is to work well There are real differences between DMR and 6.25 kHz FDMA when it comes to increasing capacity in terms of: Spectrum efficiency is existing licenses Infrastructure requirements

4. Digital migration in existing 12.5 kHz licences - DMR Analogue to digital migration with DMR Existing analogue talk paths in a 12.5 kHz license New digital talk paths in your 12.5 kHz license Double capacity in current license?

5. Digital migration in existing 12.5 kHz licences - FDMA Analogue to digital migration with 6.25 kHz FDMA Existing analogue 12.5 kHz license New digital talk paths In 12.5 kHz license Double capacity in current license?

6. Spectrum efficiency - DMR and 6.25 kHz FDMA Existing analogue 12.5 kHz licence New digital channels 6.25 kHz spectrum efficient? New channels fit legacy devices? No risk of new interference issues? DMR Migration 6.25 kHz FDMA Migration

7. Spectrum use - DMR vs 6.25 kHz Migration Because DMR uses the same 12.5 kHz channels as analogue co-existence between analogue and digital is simple Ease of migration Ease of long co-existence between analogue and digital

8. Going digital DMR and 6.25 kHz FDMA licence summary Going digital with DMR means: Doubling capacity in existing licenses Keeping existing spectrum No new frequency co-ordination requirements Being able to continue to use legacy analogue radios in your spectrum No new risk of interference as the channel characteristics stay the same and proven 12.5 kHz signals are maintained

9. Use of infrastructure: DMR compared to 6.25 kHz FDMA Migrating from one channel DMR to two channel DMR: No extra complexity No extra cost Power efficient No extra space No new site issues No extra maintenance One channel DMR Two channels DMR

10. Use of infrastructure: DMR compared to 6.25 kHz FDMA Migrating from one channel FDMA to two channel FDMA: Extra complexity Extra cost Greater power use More space Potential site issues Extra maintenance One channel 6.25 kHz FDMA Two channels 6.25 kHz FDMA

11. DMR advanced features – not possible with FDMA Advanced control features through reverse channel signalling System flexibility through simultaneous voice and data calls, two way calls, double data rates enabled by two slot TDMA

12. Power efficiency of DMR compared to 6.25 kHz FDMA Two slot TDMA structure means transmitter is used 50% less than with FDMA This means DMR radios are more power efficient than FDMA and give greater battery life/unit of battery capacity Significant with data applications

13. Adoption of DMR technology today There is a strong supplier base of DMR Over 1,000,000 DMR 2-way radios are in operational use DMR manufacturers support a robust and established vendor interoperability testing programme

14. Summary When you switch to digital: Understand the real differences in the technology that is on offer Understand the license implications Understand the infrastructure requirements today and tomorrow Understand the strength of the DMR supplier base Make the smart choice