1. The Technology
Walter Ellis

2. Photohydroionization Cell
Broad spectrum lamp
Quad-metallic hydrophilic coating

3. “Photo” Process

4. Quad-metallic Hydrophilic coating
PHI Cell
Hydrated Coating
Broad spectrum UV lamp
PPC Sleeve
Quad-metallic Hydrophilic coating
Optimal surface area

5. Germicidal Inactivation
254 nm hv

6. Photo-Catalytic Hydrated – Quad-Metallic
High intensity UV light activates the hydrated quad-metallic catalyst target

7. The conversion of light to electricity
Photoelectric Effect:
The conversion of light to electricity
Increasing light intensity results in more electrons being ejected.
Increasing frequency (energy) causes electrons to travel faster.

8. Conventional Advanced Oxidation Reaction
HO2 H H O
254 nm hv
O2-
Formation of OHo
O2-
Super Oxide Ions O2- H H O
Hydroperoxides HO2
HO2 H H O

9. Hydrated Quad-metallic Catalytic Coating
Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent
The Quad-metallic coating:
has particular affinities,
breaks bonds,
releases electrons,
holds and releases atoms,
steals other electrons.
absorbs water vapor
It changes everything but itself remains unchanged. It is a “Catalytic” process.
Photo – Dissociation, Photo – Ionization, Photo – Electric Effect, Photo – Catalytic Reaction, Photo – Hydro
(advance)
The Quad-metallic coating:
has particular affinities,
breaks bonds,
releases electrons,
holds and releases atoms,
steals other electrons.
absorbs water vapor
It changes everything but itself remains unchanged. It is a “Catalytic” process

10. Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
This creates an abundance of hydrogen and oxygen on the coating
“Hydrophilic” means that it attracts water,
(H2O from the air)
An important property of the RGF Cell is that it is superhydrophilic—
the treated surfaces attract water and hold it rather than repelling it.
(September 1999 issue of Ceramic Industry)

11. Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent
Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent
Different catalysts do different things!
Rhodium/Platinum is a very reactive metal used in automobile catalytic converters
When an NO or NO2 molecule contacts the catalyst, the catalyst rips the nitrogen atom out of the molecule and holds on to it, freeing the oxygen in the form of O2. The nitrogen atoms bond with other nitrogen atoms that are also stuck to the catalyst, forming N2. For example:
Catalytic Surface

12. Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent
Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent
Different catalysts do different things!
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a multifaceted compound. It's the stuff that makes toothpaste white and paint opaque. TiO2 is also a potent photocatalyst that can break down almost any organic compound.

13. Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent
Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent
Different catalysts do different things!
“when TiO2 is exposed to UV light of a wavelength below 385 nanometers in the presence of water vapor, two highly reactive substances are formed: hydroxyl radicals [OH] and a superoxide ion [O2-1].”
According to Daniel Blake, principal scientist at the Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado
“when TiO2 is exposed to UV light of a wavelength below 385 nanometers in the presence of water vapor,
two highly reactive substances are formed: hydroxyl radicals [OH] and a superoxide ion [O2-1].”
(advance)
"These are highly reactive chemical species.
Hydroxyl radicals are very strong oxidizers and will attack all kinds of organic materials.”
"These are highly reactive chemical species. Hydroxyl radicals are very strong oxidizers and will attack all kinds of organic materials.” Daniel Blake, Dept of Energy’s Natural Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado

14. Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent
Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent
Different catalysts do different things!
Silver speeds up titanium reactions
Vol. 05, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY, 2003
Enhanced activity of silver modified thin film TiO2 photocatalysts
This silver doped photocatalyst decomposes the pollutant 3-times faster than the un-doped TiO2.
Vol INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY , Enhanced activity of silver modified thin film TiO2 photocatalysts
Abstract. Novel, composite silver/titanium immobilized on glass substrates were prepared, characterized and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated… This silver doped photocatalyst decomposes the azo-dye pollutant 3-times faster than the un-doped Degussa P25 TiO2 .lm.
(advance)
It was postulated that silver enhanced the reduction potential of TiO2, further reducing the elemental selenium form to hydrogen selenide. It was found that the higher the amount of silver doped on TiO2, the more hydrogen selenide gas was generated. This indicates that the reduction potential of the photocatalytic system can be altered by varying the amount of silver doped onto the TiO2.
It was postulated that silver enhanced the reduction potential of TiO2, … It was found that … the reduction potential of the photocatalytic system can be altered by varying the amount of silver doped onto the TiO2.
The amount of silver alters the photocatalytic system

15. Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent
Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent
Different catalysts do different things!
Silver has some unique abilities to work with energized forms of oxygen
The Current Status of Catalysis by Silver
 R Schlögl, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Ges., Faradayweg. 4-6, D Berlin, Germany
Elemental silver is a unique catalyst for selective oxidation reactions, … Four different species of atomic oxygen interacting in spectroscopically distinct ways with silver have been identified
Atomic Oxygen Species Adsorbed on Silver. V.I.Bukhtiyarov, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva prosp., 5,
Novosibirsk, , Russia
This paper summarizes our efforts to study the nature of oxygen species adsorbed on silver and their reactivity
Silver is an excellent electrical conductor
Again note the sources: The top one is from Russia, The lower one is from Berlin, Germany
(read lower box) The Current Status of Catalysis by Silver
 R Schlögl, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Ges., Faradayweg. 4-6, D Berlin, Germany
Elemental silver is a unique catalyst for selective oxidation reactions, amongst which ethylene epoxidation and methanol oxidation are of great technical significance. Four different species of atomic oxygen interacting in spectroscopically distinct ways with silver have been identified
Silver has some other important values:
(Advance)
Silver is an excellent electrical conductor
(advance)
Silver is stable and will not itself oxidize in the course of creating and transporting oxidizers
Silver is stable and will not itself oxidize in the course of creating and transporting oxidizers

16. Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent
Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating Agent
Different catalysts do different things!
Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 1999, Vol. 20, No. 8
Photocatalytic Activity of Cu/TiO2 with Oxidation State of Surface-loaded Copper
the effect of oxidation state of loaded Cu on the photo-catalytic oxidation reaction. … it is expected that the loaded Cu may improve photocatalytic activity of TiO2,
Copper, like silver, can improve the functions of titanium
Copper, like silver, can improve the functions of titanium
Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 1999, Vol. 20, No. 8
Photocatalytic Activity of Cu/TiO2 with Oxidation State of Surface-loaded Copper
the effect of oxidation state of loaded Cu on the photo-catalytic oxidation reaction. Cu is one of extraordinary metals, which exist stably as metallic form as well as metal oxides in atmospheric condition. it is expected that the loaded Cu may improve photocatalytic activity of TiO2,
(advance)
Copper has unique abilities to work with hydrogen
SOLAR PHOTOCATALYTIC HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM WATER USING A DUAL BED PHOTOSYSTEM, Clovis A. Linkous, Darlene K. Slattery, Florida Solar Energy Center, University of Central Florida
…As it turned out, the more common copper Pc evolved the most H2… our best H2-evolving photocatalyst was copper.
Copper has unique abilities to work with hydrogen

17. Why the PHI Technology is Unique
By utilizing our broad spectrum lamp, we not only produce conventional AOP reactions on the cell surface, we also produce AOP reactions within the air that passes through the cell.

18. 185 nm emitted from cell O2 O2
185 nm O2 O2 O2 O2

19. 185 nm produces ozone
185 nm
Ozone

20. 254 nm decomposition of ozone
254 nm breaks O3 back
down to O2

21. Germicidal UV Light Rays
AOP formation O3
HO2 O2 - OH
Germicidal UV Light Rays
Hydroxyl Radicals OHo
Super Oxides O2-
Hydroperoxides H2O2
Ozonide Ions O3-
Hydroxides
HO2 O3 OH - O2

22. PHI Cell advantages
The PHI Cell produces and destroys ozone to facilitate the AOP reactions.
Typically greater than 87% of the actual produced ozone is decomposed in the AOP process.
Devices utilizing the PHI cells are not ozone generators.

23. PHI Cell advantages Uses germicidal UV for microbe inactivation.
Uses germicidal UV for Catalytic AOP reactions.
Uses the combination of UV wavelengths to produce AOP reactions in air.
AOP reactions inactivate microbes as well as destroy odors.
AOP reactants remain effective after leaving cell

24. APS Cartridges
The Technology
Fog
HEPA
Ultra
Mercury
Radon
VOC

25. RGF APS

26. FOG Cartridge

27. Oleophillic Media
Negatively charged oil sticks to positively charged filter + + - - - - - - - -
Macro matrix Micro matrix

28. Ultra Pleated Particulate Cartridge

29. Ultra Pleated Particulate Cartridge
3,240 square inches versus 66 square inches. Almost 50 times more surface area.
The same filter area as 4.5’ x 5’ HVAC filter
MERV 15

30. Adsorbtion

31. Mercury Cartridge

32. Mercury Cartridge
A specialty bed of sublimed sulfur carbon designed for maximum adsorption of airborne mercury.
Calculated maximum adsorption per cartridge:
APS Mini 26 grams
APS grams

33. VOC Cartridge

34. VOC Cartridge
A blend of activated carbon and natural elements for adsorption of a wide variety of volatile organic compounds.
Calculated typical adsorption per cartridge:
APS Mini grams *
APS grams *
* Actual adsorption may vary dependent on VOC encountered

35. Radon Cartridge

36. Radon Cartridge
A blend of natural elements poly activated for efficient absorption of radioactive radon gas.
Calculated typical adsorption per cartridge:
APS Mini grams
APS grams

37. Multi Cartridge 245 square inches versus 66 square inches
Particulate and Odor (carbon coated)
Rated at 90% down to 7 micron MERV 7

38. Acceptable indoor air quality:
IAQ
Acceptable indoor air quality:
Air in which there are no known contaminants at harmful concentrations as determined by cognizant authorities and which a substantial majority (80%) or more of the people exposed do not express dissatisfaction.
ASHRAE Standard

39. IAQ OSHA has proposed IAQ regulations
Some legislation was introduced on toxic mold -Melina Bill
No specific IAQ Laws or Regulations currently

40. IAQ TESTING
Identify the problem
-Use a common sense approach
-Does the establishment have visible indicators?
-Use the test sensors you walk around with.
-Communicate with the owner
-IAQ professionals are actually using quantitative testing as a last resort

41. Test Kit

42. Typical PHI Cell Reductions in air
2nd Day 71.2 %
3rd Day 86.8 %
4rd Day 95.4 %

43. PHI Cell Odor Reductions in air
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Off ~ 25%
On ~ 75%
24 HOURS
Unit on
Unit off

44. Thank you for
your attention