1. Degradation of organic micropollutants via Advanced Oxidation Process (UV/H 2 O 2 ) 25-09-2009 Josanne Derks Results pilot plant research

2. 2 Contents Drinking water production from Meuse water OMPs in drinking water source Theory of AOP via UV/H 2 O 2 AOP pilot installation Results Conclusions Further research/planning Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

3. 3 Goals of AOP research project Determine the best UV-technology in terms of energy and formation of by-products LP, MP, DBD lamps Influence of excessive peroxide on transport pipelines and dune ponds Removal of by-products by DSF (AOC, nitrite, deg. products) Determine necessity of GACF or PAC Removal by-products and excessive peroxide Removal of only excessive peroxide Effect conditioning water on efficiency AOP Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

4. 4 Treatment scheme Coagulation/sedimentation Intake Meuse water Transport RSF Transport Dune infiltration Recovery Post-treatment Distribution Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

5. 5 The river Meuse as source for drinking water Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

6. 6 Maximum measured incidental concentration (µg/l) at intake Diuron0,15 Glyphosate0,44 Cafeïne0,3 Ibuprofen0,05 Amidotrizoic acid0,15 Iohexol0,1 MTBE1,7 Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

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8. 8 A multitude of compounds and technologies Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

9. 9 AOP and Dune infiltration: complementary AOPDunes Quick, fast processLong term process Chemical oxidation Biological oxidation and reduction, adsorption Short circuitingsmoothing Increase of AOCRemoval of AOC Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

10. 10 AOP via UV/H 2 O 2 Combination of two degradation mechanisms: Photolysis: A 0 + hv A* Radical formation: H 2 O 2 + hv 2 ·OH Combination:OMP + ·OH + hv deg. product(s) + CO 2 + H 2 O Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

11. 11 Radical scavenging Influence water matrix on UV/H 2 O 2 HCO 3 - + ·OHHCO 3 · + OH-k = 8,5 * 10 6 M -1 s -1 CO 3 2- + ·OHCO 3 ·- + OH-k = 3,9 * 10 8 M -1 s -1 pH RSF = ±8 Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

12. 12 NO 3 - + hvNO 2 - + O NO 2 - + ·OH NO 2 ·+ OH - k = 1,0 * 10 10 M -1 s -1 Radical scavenging Influence water matrix on UV/H 2 O 2 Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

13. 13 H 2 O 2 + ·OH H 2 O + H + + O 2 -·k = 2,7 * 10 7 M -1 s -1 RH+ ·OH R· + H 2 Ok = 10 7 - 10 10 M -1 s -1 UV-T Photolysis + ·OH-formation Radical scavenging Influence water matrix on UV/H 2 O 2 Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

14. 14 UV lamps: Medium pressure vs low pressure Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

15. 15 AOP UV/H 2 O 2 pilot installation Settings installation: -LP lamps0,26 kWh/m 3 -MP lamps0,88 kWh/m 3 -DBD lamps±0,24 kWh/m 3 -5 m 3 /hr per reactor -Influent: pre-treated Meuse water Model compounds: -Atrazine (10 µg/l), -Bromacil (10 µg/l), -Ibuprofen (20 µg/l), -NDMA (10 µg/l) Standard experimental settings: -UV 100 – 80 – 60% -H 2 O 2 10 – 5 – 0 mg/l Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

16. 16 Initial situation reactors Coffee test : investigate the influence of UVT on UV intensity Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

17. 17 Initial situation reactors Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

18. 18 Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

19. 19 Degradation of model compounds Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

20. 20 EEO = Electrical Energy per Order P * UV Q * log (c i /c f ) EEO =kWh/m 3 Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

21. 21 Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

22. 22 Degradation of model compounds Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

23. 23 Degradation of model compounds Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

24. 24 Mean degradation of model compounds Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

25. 25 EEO = Electrical Energy per Order Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

26. 26 Mean EEO Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

27. 27 Mean EEO Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

28. 28 Mean EEO (excluding 0 mg/l H 2 O 2 ) Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

29. 29 Nitrite formation Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

30. 30 Influence nitrite formation (100/10) Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

31. 31 Influence nitrite formation (100/5) Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

32. 32 Influence nitrite formation (100/0) Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

33. 33 Influence of DOC Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

34. 34 Influence of DOC Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

35. 35 Formation of AOC ? Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

36. 36 Increased UVT via GAC Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

37. 37 Influence increased UVT Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

38. 38 Influence increased UVT Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

39. 39 Conclusions Degradation by LP comparable to MP Average degradation NDMA by LP higher then MP EEO LP < EEO MP MP shows higher nitrite formation MP converts/consumes more DOC Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

40. 40 Further research topics Influence water temperature on UV dose Linearity UV ballast – UV dose Degradation DOC / formation AOC Nitrite/nitrate issues Degradation remaining peroxide Improvement quality influent water By- and degradation products Modelling of degradation Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

41. Thank you for listening! Questions/remarks?