1. Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul Brazil Electronic Ballast Platform - EBP Dos Reis, F. S.; Lima, J. C.; Tonkoski Jr., R.; Dantas, C. G.; Suzuki, T.; Martinazzo, F.; Godinho, L. A.

2. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES THE ELECTRONIC BALLAST PLATFORM THE ELECTRONIC BALLAST PLATFORM BALLAST DESIGN BALLAST DESIGN EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS

3. INTRODUCTION - Environment preservation - Importance of electric power quality: Total Harmonic Distortion (THD); Total Harmonic Distortion (THD); Displacement Factor; Displacement Factor; Power Factor; Power Factor; - Energy crisis in 2001 -Illumination Segment consume was Estimated to be 30 % of total Electrical Energy produced in the world

4. OBJECTIVES - Develop an electronic ballast platform with easy frequency and duty cycle variations and simple control strategies implementation. - Develop an electronic ballast platform with easy frequency and duty cycle variations and simple control strategies implementation. - This platform will allow the study and development of ballasts for HID lamps. - This platform will allow the study and development of ballasts for HID lamps.

5. HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS (HID): High Pressure Sodium Lamp (HPS) Discharge tube made of Synthesized Aluminum; Does not produce Ultraviolet radiation; Needs about 2.5 kV pulse for lamp ignition; One of the lamps with higher lifetime;

6. HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS (HID): High Pressure Sodium Lamp (HPS) The HPS lamps have many particularities when they operate in high frequency, such as: Can be modeled by a resistance in steady state; Can have controlled luminous intensity; The spectrum color reproduction can be modified; Presents the acoustic resonance phenomenon;

7. Voltage Current HID NEGATIVE RESISTENCE

8. ELECTRONIC BALLAST STAGES

9. THE EBP

10. PULSE GENERATOR

11. EBP PROTOTYPE

12. DIGITAL PLL (FPGA)

13. Reg Phase/Ampl. Conversion Load 12 16 Phase Accumulator Frequency Tuning Word Clock Reference Fout DIGITAL PLL

14. PWM GENERATION

15. INVERTER DRIVER (IR2110)

16. BALLAST TOPOLOGY I V

17. Current Voltage 0 =3 s LAMP FREQUENCY RESPONSE

18. LAMP IGNITION VOLTAGE 0 =3 s Using:

19. CIRCUIT SIMPLIFICATION (AFTER IGNITION)

20. CIRCUIT EQUATIONS (AFTER IGNITION) Where:

21. Z/R QlQl BALLAST DESIGN ABACUS

22. DESIGN ESPECIFICATION DC Voltage: E = 400V Switching Frequency: F s = 68 kHz Lamp Nominal Power: P = 250 W Lamp Nominal Voltage: Vl = 100 V Lamp Nominal Resistence: R= 40 Ω

23. INDUCTOR AND CAPACITORS DEFINITION With: Z/R = 1.637 Q l = 0.141 It is obtained:

24. Experimental Results Lamp operating in 65 kHz nominal frequency: Lamp Voltage Lamp Current Lamp Power

25. Experimental Results - Dimmerization Lamp operating in 100kHz: Lamp Voltage Lamp Current Lamp Power

26. Electronic Ballast Electromagnetic Ballast Experimental Results – Light Oscilogram

27. Normal Discharge Discharge with Acoustic Resonance (18kHz) Lamp Destroyed by Acoustic Resonance Experimental Results Acoustic Resonance

28. PFP

29. CONCLUSIONS This paper described a flexible platform implementation using a microcontroller and FPGA based circuit system able to generate command signals for the ballast switches. This paper described a flexible platform implementation using a microcontroller and FPGA based circuit system able to generate command signals for the ballast switches. The present platform allows the study of the control strategies influences in lamps lifetime, in new dimming techniques implementation, in avoiding acoustic resonance and in color reproduction alterations. The present platform allows the study of the control strategies influences in lamps lifetime, in new dimming techniques implementation, in avoiding acoustic resonance and in color reproduction alterations.

30. CONCLUSIONS During the platform design, the EMI disturbs was a major problem. Because of EMI it was developed a new platform considering many precautions to avoid EMI. During the platform design, the EMI disturbs was a major problem. Because of EMI it was developed a new platform considering many precautions to avoid EMI. It was presented a simple LCC ballast design criteria presenting an abacus. It was presented a simple LCC ballast design criteria presenting an abacus. The EBP presents a high power factor and works properly from 100 to 240 V. The EBP presents a high power factor and works properly from 100 to 240 V.

31. OBRIGADO!Gracias! Thank You!