1. Product Training Session-1
Lighting Technologies
Presented by :Karthik Vinayaka
Dept: PDD India
Saturday, April 01, 2017

2. Agenda LIGHTING INTRODUCTION LIGHTING TERMINOLOGY
DIFFERENT LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY
APPLICATIONS
TARGET MARKET
CONCLUSION
Saturday, April 01, 2017

3. Introduction
Light is simply a name for a range of electromagnetic radiation that can be detected by the human eye.
Saturday, April 01, 2017

4. What is electromagnetic radiation, then?
Is a form of energy that exhibits wave like behaviour as it travels through space.
The radiation including visible light, radio waves, gamma rays, and X-rays, in which electric and magnetic fields vary simultaneously .
Electromagnetic radiation is classified according to the frequency of its wave.
V ~ 3.17eV
B ~ 2.73eV
G ~ 2.52eV
Y ~ 2.15eV
O ~ 2.08eV
R ~ 1.62eV

5. LIGHTING TERMINOLOGY
Ambient Light :The light already present in a scene, before any additional lighting is added. Ex: Natural light. More info: Ambient Light
Incident Light : Light seen directly from a light source (lamp, sun, etc).
Reflected Light : Light seen after having bounced off a surface.
Saturday, April 01, 2017

6. DIFFERENT LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY
Conventional Methods of converting electrical energy to light:
Heating up bits of wire
Passing Electricity through gas at near vacuum
Passing Electricity through gas above atmospheric pressure

7. The top five global lighting technologies include
Incandescent light
Fluorescent,
Halogen
High-intensity discharge
light-emitting diodes (LED)
The Incandescent light bulb : incandescent lamp produces light by heating a metal filament wire to a high temperature until it glows. The hot filament is protected from oxidation in the air with a glass enclosure that is filled with inert gas.

8. Fluorescent lamp: compact fluorescent lamp (CFL)
The tube is filled with noble gas (i.e. argon, neon, helium).
The tube also contains a small amount of mercury that when heated becomes mercury vapor. The inside of the tube is lined with phosphorescent material (mostly phosphorous). In the base of the bulb, There is an electronic ballast that boosts the line voltage up high enough to ionize the gas inside the bulb. As this happens the mercury also vaporizes inside the tube. The ionized gas and ionized mercury vapor emit ultraviolet light which strikes the phosphorous. The phosphorous, in turn, emits white light that lights up the room.

9. Halogen : Halogen lamps use a tungsten filament that is encased inside a
Small quartz envelope. Similar to an incandescent lamp, the electrical current
causes the tungsten filament to heat up to temperatures above 2500°C and
get “white hot” and produce visible light.
The envelope is much closer to the filament. Thus, to prevent it from melting

10. High-Intensity Discharge : HID lamps are available in the form of mercury or sodium vapour and typically are used as street lamps and outdoor lighting for stadiums. These lamps are popular because they are efficient and have a high-brightness output. In the case of sodium vapour, they are twice as efficient as normal fluorescent bulbs.
Mercury and sodium vapour lamps produce light using a technique similar to that used in fluorescent lamps, where a low-pressure mercury vapour produces lots of ultraviolet light that excites a phosphor coating on the tube.

11. What is an Solid-state lighting
Solid-state lighting (SSL): refers to a type of lighting that uses semiconductor light emitting diodes (LEDs), as sources of illumination rather than electrical filaments, plasma (used in arc lamps such as fluorescent lamps), or gas. LED is a semiconductor diode that glows when operated in forward biased direction.
LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) are those little colour lights you see in electronic equipment, household appliances, toys, on signs, and many other places.  Red, yellow and green ones are the most common, since they are have been used widely.
LEDs are different from ordinary light bulbs because they do not have a filament to break or burn out.  They generate very little heat, and are ideal for putting lights into battery-operated equipment like telephones and portable computers.
Saturday, April 01, 2017

12. Basic Structure of an LED
‘Anode’ post
Epoxy Encapsulation
LED die
‘Cathode’ post
Cathode lead
Anode lead + -
Basic Structure of an LED
Die – light emitting semiconductor material
Encapsulation – translucent case to protect the die and disperse the light
Lead frame – the die is placed on it
Saturday, April 01, 2017

13. Types of LEDs Discrete LEDs LED Displays LED clusters
Available in a variety of shapes and size
LED Displays
LED multi-segment display
LED dot-matrix display
Bargraph
LED clusters
A group or cluster of discrete LEDs are used to provide a bright light source.
7-segment
LED Display
14-segment LED Display
Dot-matrix
Bargraph
Saturday, April 01, 2017

14. Types of Discrete LEDs Standard LEDs Flashing LEDs
Flashing LEDs look like ordinary LEDs but they contain an integrated circuit (IC) which controls LED flash times per seconds.
High Power LEDs
They give out large amounts of light.
The future of lighting
Multi-color LEDs
Two or more semiconductor chips within one LED package, each producing a different color, usually the three primary colors, Red, Green and Blue.
Infrared LEDs (IRLEDs)
Invisible LED; infrared light output.
Saturday, April 01, 2017

15. How to test an LED
Never connect an LED directly to a battery or power supply! It will be destroyed almost instantly because too much current will pass through and burn it out.
LEDs must have a resistor in series to limit the current to a safe value, for quick testing purposes a 1k resistor is suitable for most LEDs if your supply voltage is 12V or less..
Saturday, April 01, 2017

16. Key Parameter of LED Parameter of standard LED Description LED Color
The color of an LED is determined by the semiconductor material.
Forward Current If
Indicates the current flowing through the LED to turn on. It is the maximum average amount of current the diode is able to conduct in forward bias mode
Forward Voltage
Forward voltage is the voltage required to activate an LED
Luminous Intensity
Brightness of the LED at the given current, mcd = millicandela
Lens Shape
This attribute the exact shape of LED. Ex: Round, Rectangular, Square, Dome
Wavelength Typ
The peak wavelength of the light emitted, this determines the colour of the LED .nm = nanometre
Bulb Size
This attribute indicates the size of the LED
Viewing Angle
Angle is the width of the beam of light produced by an LED
LED Mounting
This attribute refers to type of LED mounting , TH, SMD, Panel
Saturday, April 01, 2017

17. Why Use an LED?
Saturday, April 01, 2017

18. LED Market Segmentation
General
Illumination
Other Markets
Automotive
Head lamps
High Beam Lights
Interior Lighting
Dashboard Lighting
Rear Lights
Turn Signals
Emergency Vehicle Lighting
Aftermarket Accent Lighting
Bulb replacement
Home
Office
Flashlights
Traffic lights and signs
Signage
Billboards
Community Information
Security, Exits
Indicator / Fun lights
Gaming Machines
Clavilux (Disco)
Medical / Dental
Endoscopes
MRI / CAT scan
Backlighting
Monitors
TVs
Portable devices
Camera/Camcorders
Handsets
Instruments
Camera Flash
User experience
Handset fun lights
Handset indicators
Toys
Saturday, April 01, 2017

19. LED Application Indicators and signs
Status indicator; LED panels; Traffic lights; Exit signs…
Lighting
Replacement light bulbs; Flashlights; Streetlights; Architectural lighting; Vehicle lighting; LED dental curing light …
Non visual applications
Remote control; Touch sensing; Movement sensing…

20. Typical LEDs— Characteristics and Applications
Multi Die LED modules
Vf ~ 5…8V I~ up to 1.5A/LED
High Power LED
High current white LEDs
Vf ~ 3.5…6V I~ up to 1A/LED
White Flash LEDs
Vf ~ 4…6V I~ 0.4…0.6A/LED
White LEDs
Vf ~ 3.3… I~ 0…25mA
Low Power LED
Single color or RGB LEDs
Blue Vf~3.7
Green Vf ~3.1
Red Vf ~2.0
Saturday, April 01, 2017

21. Target Markets
LEDs have gained widespread use and now can be found nearly everywhere.
Saturday, April 01, 2017

22. Associated and Accessory Products
It is always important to ask the customer about associated and accessory products.
Associated Products
Accessory Products 
Panel assemblies
Cartridge holders
LED mounting kits
LED testers
LED Driver module
LED Lens
PC board standoffs
Light pipes
Bezels
LED spacers
Adhesive -Thermal conductive
Saturday, April 01, 2017

23. Continued in Next session
LED for future
OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode)
OLED is an organic layer of resources that emits light when electricity is passed through it. OLED is proving to consume even less power and have a clean, crisp picture than an LED TV.
An OLED is Organic light emitting diode which emissive electroluminescent layer is composed of a film of organic compounds.
OLED invented by Ching Tang and Steve Van Slyke in 1987 at Kodak Labs.
Features
Flexible / bendable lighting
Wallpaper lighting defining new ways to light a space
Transparent lighting doubles as a window
Continued in Next session
Saturday, April 01, 2017

24. Conclusion
In this training, we had an opportunity to learn the basic knowledge of Lighting and LEDs. LED (light emitting diode).
An LED will emit light when the current is passed through it.
The color of the light depends on the semiconductor material of the LED.
There are many advantages which make LEDs eye-catching for high-performance modern electronics. For example, their low power consumption extends battery life and thus they are well suited for portable applications.
LED's fast turn-on/turn-off characteristics fit perfectly with the needs of automotive tail lights, especially the brake lights. LEDs are environmental friendly,
LEDs do not contain lead or mercury.
LED lighting facilitates a full-spectrum light source with larger color range.
LEDs have an exceptionally long lifespan, which enables their use in applications where long-term reliability is highly desirable, such as traffic lights. Machine vision systems require a focused, bright and homogeneous light source – LEDs are a great match.
Saturday, April 01, 2017

25. How good is our website for selection of products
Farnell/Newark/element14 extensive offering of solid-state lighting components can support the most demanding design requirements. Find lighting (visible/non visible) products from world leaders like Avago, Bridgelux, Cree, CML, Dialight, Lumex, Optek, Vishay and more. Products span all types of LED’s, emitters/arrays, optics, drivers, thermal and mounting accessories, and tools under the classification --- Optoelectronics and Display
Selection of products on our webpage
Featured Products linked on the web page
Lighting Microsite for developments, solutions, Design resources are available
Associates and Accessories linked for SKU’s
Alternative available for SKU’s
Products separated in different classification for easy selection
Attribute filter option available for SKU selection based on parametric search
Keyword search results can be viewed through search tab
Link to design guide on element14 KNODE
Saturday, April 01, 2017

26. How good is our website for selection of products
Saturday, April 01, 2017

27. Attribute selection view
Saturday, April 01, 2017

28. THANK YOU Your Feedback is most valuable
Please Send your feedback to
Saturday, April 01, 2017

29. Interactive Video
Link: \\flcspnfp\canalrd\General Transfer\Lighting presentation video
Saturday, April 01, 2017

30. Q & A
When were LED invented? The first practical LED was invented in 1962 by Nick Holonyak, Jr. while working for General Electric Company. What is Haitz law? Haitz's law is an observation and forecast about the steady improvement, over many years, of light-emitting diodes (LED) The Law said the cost per lumen of LED lighting would fall to 10% of its original price every 10 years. During the same period, the lumen power of LEDs would increase 20 times. When were White LED’s first available? White LED’s became a reality around 1995 invented by Japan’s Nichia Corporation.
Saturday, April 01, 2017

31. Q & A Which of the following statement about LED is not correct?
a. An LED is a semiconductor device.
b. An LED is able to give off light when current passes through it.
c. An LED has no polarity.
d. The basic structure of an LED consists of die, encapsulation, and lead frame.
Correct answer is c.
Saturday, April 01, 2017

32. Q & A
Tri-colour LEDs The most popular type of tri-colour LED has a red and a green LED combined in one package with three leads. They are called tri-colour because mixed red and green light appears to be yellow and this is produced when both the red and green LEDs are on. The diagram shows the construction of a tri-colour LED. Note the different lengths of the three leads. The centre lead (k) is the common cathode for both LEDs, the outer leads (a1 and a2) are the anodes to the LED’s allowing each one to be lit separately or both together to give the third colour. Bi-colour LEDs A bi-colour LED has two LEDs wired in 'inverse parallel' (one forwards, one backwards) combined in one package with two leads. Only one of the LEDs can be lit at one time and they are less useful than the tri-colour LEDs described above.
Saturday, April 01, 2017