1. Plane wave reflection and transmission

2. Reflection of uniform plane waves at normal incidence

3. Boundary conditions
(at the interface, z =0)

4. Reflection from perfect electric conductor
(at the interface, z =0)

5. Example

7. Wave reflection from multiple interfaces

8. Example : radome
Reflection
Transmission

9. Example : anti-reflection coating
Calculate the refractive index and minimum thickness for the glass coating to provide total transmission from air to the glass at a free space wavelength of 570nm. refractive index of the glass is n3=1.45.
(n: refractive index)

10. Plane wave refraction at oblique incidence angles

11. Plane of incidence

12. If an EM wave approaches a surface obliquely, it is easier to decompose the field into two components, s-polarization and p-polarization.
s-polarization (perpendicular)
p-polarization (parallel)

13. p-polarization (E-field parallel to the plane of incidence)

14. E-field tangential component continuity

15. phase matching condition (Snell’s law)

16. H-field tangential component continuity

18. Reflection coefficient for parallel polarization

19. Reflection coefficient for perpendicular polarization (s)

20. Example

23. Total reflection

24. Optical fiber

25. Wave propagation TV antenna TV signal transmitting antenna
TV signals are transmitted as EM wave with horizontal polarization.

26. Polarization of EM waves
Source current
Source current

27. Reflection from ionosphere

28. Reflection from ground and troposphere
EM waves undergo reflections and diffractions while propagating toward receivers.

29. 2-Ray Ground Reflection
For d>> hr, ht,
low angle of incidence allows the earth to act as a reflector
the reflected signal is 180 out of phase
Pr  1/d4 R T ht hr
Phase shift! d