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PingER: Navigating the web site and mining the data

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1 PingER: Navigating the web site and mining the data
Les CottrellSLAC Workshop at the University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, June 24-25, 2013 DRAFT Using PingER measurements going back to 1998 and covering 168 countries, this talk will illustrate Internet performance worldwide, with a particular focus on Africa, Pakistan and S. E Asia. After briefly introducing PingER, illustrating how the measurements are made and how widely PingER is deployed we will review the veritable wealth of information that is available from the simple ubiquitous Internet ping facility used by PingER. These include: • Looking at identifying the general quality of links with metrics such as Round Trip Times (RTT), jitter, duplicate packets, out of order packets, losses and their patterns, and the unreachability. • Deriving information on the expected throughput, quality of VoIP calls worldwide; • Illustrating the evolution of the Internet worldwide; • Identifying which countries are still using geostationary satellite links(as opposed to terrestrial links; • Observing how directly hosts are connected; We will then look in more detail at some case studies For Africa we will illustrate the impact of the recently installed submarine fibre optic cables around the West and East Coasts of Africa, as they replace geostationary satellites. It will then look at what the near future may bring to Internet performance including the impact of: new submarine cables; intra Africa fibre optic cables; low earth orbiting satellites; the emergence of NRENs and connections to the rest of the world; and the demands of science. For Pakistan we will show how PingER’s end-to-end measurements have helped uncover last mile problems, misrouting, the need for Internet International eXchange Points (IXPs), the feasibility of international VoIP calls, and the need for reliable power sources. This in-turn has led to dramatic redesign and re-emphasis for next generation designs. The coverage for Malaysia is in its nascent stage starting in the last couple of months as UNIMAS and SLAC initiated monitoring of about 50 sites in S. E Asia (19 in Malaysia). Preliminary results of the analysis of these measurements will be presented We will then look at case studies to see the impact on the Internet of some major events such as uprisings, cable cuts, and the Japanese earthquake/Tsunami on Internet performance as seen by PingER. Finally we will discuss how the Internet helps development and how PingER results correlate with United Nations (UN) and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) development indices.

2 Agenda Navigating the PingER web site
Accessing and viewing analyzed data Downloading and mining with Excel etc. Managing the system

3 PingER home site Set bookmark at Prefer Chrome or Firefox, mostly works with MSIE Public face of PingER

4 Home site menu bar: Introduction
Provides: Upper level information An IEEE publication Technical details Etc.

5 Home page: Visualizations
Click on African Internet Weather Congestion wave Monitoring sites/ participants Hosts per country by region

6 Access to PingER site map
Provides site map & Geographical deployment maps PingER site map

7 PingER site map

8 Pingtable: workhorse of PingER analysis
Home page Icons access Pingtable: workhorse of PingER analysis Summary table of country to country connections Google map of PingER hosts Google Explorer Motion Metrics Bubble chart

9 Pingtable This is the workhorse
Form Help This is the workhorse UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

10 Pingtable: Help What to click on Coloring by thresholds
Help on table content etc., Technical assistance on metrics meanings etc, UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

11 Host labeling Host labeled <country>.<site>.. (most important 1st). Assist in sorting etc. UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

12 Pingtable: Scroll right for host names etc.
Get Internet host name, TLD and region for each host pair UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

13 Pingtable: Form selection
eGY Africa 2012 Workshop, Nairobi Oct 2012

14 Pingtable: Metric selection
Pull down to select from Avg RTT, jitter (ipdv), loss, throughput, MOS etc. UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

15 Pingtable: Select tick (time window)
Pull down to select: hourly, daily, monthly, yearly etc. UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

16 Pingtable: Select From (Monitor(s))
Pull down to select monitoring node(s): single monitoring host or all monitors in a country or region etc. UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

17 Pingtable: Select To (monitored host or site)
Pull down to select To node(s): single monitored host/site or all hosts/sites in a country or region etc. UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

18 Aggregate all hosts in a site
Pull down to select whether to aggregate all hosts in a site into one measurement UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

19 Select packet size UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

20 Pingtable: Select host type
Pull down to select type of hosts to display: All, Monitoring, Beacons, Remote UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

21 Pingtable: other choices
Change dataset: no longer any other choices Data points: removes pairs with little data Filter: Removes known anomalous data UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

22 Pingtable: Load selected data
Click on Load into table and wait while data loads and display is rendered UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

23 Pingtable: Active links
UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

24 Pingtable: Sorting Click on column heading:
Sorts by host name, host type (? Monitor|Beacon|remote), metric value, TLD, Region UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

25 Pingtable ? Click ? for more info Details on hosts, Latest raw data,
Format (see Summarized data UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

26 Pingtable (?): More information on pair
Select ‘From’ as EDU.SLAC.STANFORD.N3 & Load into Table Click on ? Provides info from database on hosts, e.g.: Lat/lon, location, web site, comments etc. UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

27 Pingtable: Rawdata Useful for seeing exactly when a host disappears or is reachable again by PingER , e.g. in case of events such as loss of Internet connectivity due to earthquakes, cable cuts, uprisings UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

28 Pingtable(?): Summarized data
Latest summarized data from (pinger.slac.stanford.edu): click here Provides summary statistics (min, avg, median max) for all chosen remote hosts seen from monitor, for 100 &1000 Byte pings Plus the slope of Bytes vs. RTT UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

29 Graphs of usage (via ?) Time series plot of RTT & Loss last 7 days including today so far from MY.UNIMAS.N4(pinger.unimas.my) to MY.UMT.EDU.N1( click here, add csv file. 100% loss =unreachable UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

30 Graphs of RTT Valuable if do not have Smokeping graphs, e.g. for non SLAC monitors One day I will fix the tick marks. Also add csv file and cut and paste into Excel for more elegant plots UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

31 Pingtable: (?) Dynamic on demand traceoute
Uses traceroute server available at most PingER monitors Click on Current traceroute using  UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

32 Traceroutes Measured once per day UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

33 Traceroutes: Form Can select 3 days to view concurrently to look for important changes Also can select the remote host Currently only available for SLAC monitoring host UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

34 Traceroute: format Traceroute for First selected date www-wanmon.slac.stanford.edu_to_www.uda.ad_2012_11_30 1 rtr-servcore1-serv01-webserv.slac.stanford.edu ( ) ms 2 rtr-core2-p2p-servcore1.slac.stanford.edu ( ) ms 3 rtr-border1-p2p-core2.slac.stanford.edu ( ) ms 4 slac-mr2-p2p-rtr-border1.slac.stanford.edu ( ) ms 5 sunnsdn2-ip-slacmr2.es.net ( ) ms 6 sunncr1-sunnsdn2.es.net ( ) ms 7 eqxsjrt1-te-sunncr1.es.net ( ) ms 8 * 9 xe par72.ip4.tinet.net ( ) ms 10 interoute-gw.ip4.tinet.net ( ) ms 11 ae1-0.mad-001-score-1-re1.interoute.net ( ) ms 12 ae0-0.mad-001-score-2-re0.interoute.net ( ) ms 13 ae1-0.bcn-002-score-1-re1.interoute.net ( ) ms 14 ( ) ms 15 * 16 * UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

35 More Traceroutes Background information on traceroute servers
List of servers by country: UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

36 PingER traceroute servers API
Most PingER installations have traceroute servers. Perl API and web accessible xml file for database can be found by accessing file see comment at start This can be used to find out about PingER hosts & in particular PingER traceroute servers

37 Pingtable: Smokeping Click on the SLAC monitoring host in a line
Not available for other monitors UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

38 Pingtable: Smokeping graph
Background is colored for loss (see legend) Black not reachable Red 50%-90% loss Magenta 20%-40% loss Orange 5%-10% loss Light yellow 0%-5% loss Cyan 0% loss UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

39 Pingtable: Smokeping Blue line average RTT, Smoke=jitter X axis in GMT
Y axis in seconds (m = msec) Start and end times given in legend Summary statistics given in legend UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

40 Pingtable: Smokeping graph Form
Allows time window selection (also icons) Size of graph, manual scaling Colors for losses UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

41 Pingtable:Summary table
At the bottom provides: Summary stats (min, median, 95%, # pairs, etc.) for each time interval for chosen metric Can click on columns heading to download statistic UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

42 Pingtable.pl extract summary
Summary table at end (e.g. access via wget) - Buried in the output from pingtable.pl is a comment line containing the summary data, forma (… = more of same)t: <!--?+Oct Nov2005, ,,--> <!--? , ,--> Each line of data is separated by a comma (,) within a line each token is separated by a +. The lines in turn are those from the 'Summary for Sites' table at the bottom of pingtable.pl output. The first line gives the date, the second the min, the 3rd the 25%, the 4th the average, the 5th (i.e. \$lines[4]) line the median etc. If there is no data for a token then there is an adjacent ++. UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

43 Download Pingtable data
First choose some simple, interesting data: Select From = Malaysia Select To = Malaysia Metric = Average RTT Tick-type = last 60 days UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

44 Pingtable: Downloading data & further analysis
Click here This report is also provided in downloadable tab-separated-value (.tsv) format for use with Excel. Chrome: Appears at bottom left of browser window. Drag it to desktop Firefox: box pops up, choose save. It should be in Downloads. Can try Start and Search for it MSIE: box pops up, choose ‘save as’ and save on the desktop UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

45 Open downloaded file with Excel
Right click the pingtable.pl icon (probably on desktop). Choose “Open with” => “Choose Microsoft Excel”. Open the file Dots = no data UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

46 Preamble to Excel analysis
Insert the URL where in a newline at the start Delete columns A & C Select all (e.g. click on top left hand corner of table) Click on Replace in Home menu Replace all cells with only a period with a null Fix the date: take the Left most add in Excel format, the take the cell in next column to the right set =left one -1 and replicate right UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

47 Draw chart Select relevant data (e.g. a2:bf13)
Click on Scatter chart under Insert Tab Now it’s a matter of improving the format to better understand the data UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

48 Icons access Table of country to country connections
Maps of metric performance by Country Maps of number of PingER hosts by country Google map of PingER hosts Motion Metrics Bubble chart UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

49 Choose area aggregation
PingER Summary Table URL= Patience takes a long time Metric Help Choose area aggregation Month UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

50 Drilling down Colors represent quality
Click on headings & values to drill down to pingtable UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

51 Pinger Host per country
URL: www-iepm.slac.stanford.edu/pinger/geomaps/pinger-node-count-geomap.html Scroll down for other regions Mouseover country for node count Can choose monitors or all nodes UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

52 Map Map Does not work in MSIE See monitors, beacons, remotes
Select metric, src, dst, draw colored lines connecting, colors = metric value Graphs of metric and pinger hosts per country Does not work in MSIE UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

53 Map URL: www.slac.stanford.edu/wan-mon/viper/pinger-coverage-gmap.html
More information Help UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

54 Map help UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

55 Map More information Mainly for developers UNIMAS
Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

56 Selected only Monitors
Map: choose Monitors Selected only Monitors UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

57 Selected only Monitors
Map: Beacons Beacons are remote hosts monitored by all monitors Selected only Monitors UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

58 Map: Remote hosts Selected only remotes UNIMAS
Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

59 Map: Controls UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

60 Map: Locate Pakistan UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

61 Map: Locate Kota Samarahan
UMIMAS UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

62 Map: Locate UNIMAS UNIMAS UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

63 Map: plot monitored links
UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

64 Map plot time series last 365 days
Mouseover points to get coordinates Click on graph UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

65 Demo and Video Interactive demonstrations of the data mining capabilities of public data sources provided by organizations such as the UN and ITU coupled with monitoring data from PingER Summer Joint Techs Stanford, July 2012

66 Video of motion metric bubble charts
URL: www-iepm.slac.stanford.edu/pinger/motion chart/ 5.5 minutes UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

67 Managing Site map Meta database Data gathering status Measurements:
Introductions Meta database Oracle database => Perl require script and pinger.xml files Data gathering status Measurements: Run from cronjob each 30 mins Spotting anomalies, hosts with same IP addr, hosts with missing information (country, lat/lon Finding hosts Finding location eGY Africa 2012 Workshop, Nairobi Oct 2012

68 Problems Hosts change IP address Hosts not where you think they are
Maybe v frequent, e.g. a cluster or slowly as host with same name is replaced with a new host with new IP address. Hosts not where you think they are No packet loss how to calculate Throughput ~ 1460(bytes)*8(bits)/(RTT*sqrt(loss)) Throughput approx. only good for TCP Reno OS’ such as Windows, Linux now allow other congestion control algorithms eGY Africa 2012 Workshop, Nairobi Oct 2012

69 Joining We need several monitoring hosts in Malaysia and S.E. Asia
Remove any UNIMAS caused anomalies Detailed study of Malay E2E Internet performance Trilateration research platform From PingER home page pull down joining and get started UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

70 Joining – Remote Hosts Only monitored No need to do anything
Host has to respond to pings & be reliable Lightly or consistently loaded Finding hosts Contacts Developed HostSearcher eGY Africa 2012 Workshop, Nairobi Oct 2012

71 HostSearcher.pl Gets list of <1000 hosts in TLD from Google
Options to only select www or .edu etc. Checks if pingable Uses GeoIPTools ( to get location Manually go to web site Look for street address, city etc., (contacts) If well known site try latitude & longitude finder Choose based on how representative it is Proximity to other hosts etc. UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

72 Monitoring Hosts 80 working monitors worldwide
Invitation letter for monitoring sites www-iepm.slac.stanford.edu/pinger/letters/invite-monitor.doc Describes PingER & its goals Gives information on public access to results Provides requirements of monitoring host Tells how to get started (download and install) UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

73 Monitoring Host requirements
Responds to pings, known location, contact In DNS Linux and usual utilities (dig, mail, make Perl +XML::Simple Web server (e.g. Apache) Lightly loaded UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

74 First install Reverse Traceroute server
Self contained Perl CGI for web server Supports IPv4 & IPv6 Instructions: Appears at: E.g. Responds to requests for traceroutes from traceroute server to a target host Also a ping and tracepath server Installed at most PingER monitor sites www-wanmon.slac.stanford.edu/cgi-wrap/reflector.cgi?PE=set&function=landmarks UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

75 Also is a ping server icfamon.dl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/traceroute.pl?target= Used by TULIP trilateration research project Locate a target by pinging from multiple landmarks Use the RTT to estimate distance Use trilateration to locate target See UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

76 Install PingER2 measurement engine
Install: Uses ubiquitous ping >ping host Monitor Host Caches data Internet Once a Day Repositories NUST Remote Host (typically web server) 10 ping request packets each 30 mins Ping response packets Measure Round Trip Time & Loss Joint Techs: I2 & ESnet, Stanford UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

77 Status of Monitoring hosts
See No data gathered Data successfully gathered Data partially gathered Host not pingable today

78 Trilateration for User Location of an IP Host (TULIP)
Want to verify where a IP node is located Tools such as GeoIPTools work reasonably well for end host (names and IP addresses) Usually ( usually works for well known sites For tracing routes however unless the name of a router gives it away they are usually identified (e.g. by GeoIPtools) as being at the corporate HQ of the router owner (e.g. Qwest, Level3, the NREN etc.) UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

79 TULIP Based on using ping to measure RTT from a landmark (e.g. a PingER monitor) to target Today most of the RTT is based on how far the signal has to go over the backbone Distance = d(km)=RTT(ms)*100km/ms Speed of light in vacuum = c=300km/sec In fibre or copper cable=(2/3)c= 200km/sec For round trip =(1/2)*(2/3)c= 100km/sec UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012

80 Can use these distance measured from multiple nearby landmarks to use trilateration to estimate the location of the target. Challenges: The fibre path is not direct Globally or locally There are no nearby landmarks UNIMAS Workshop, Sarawak, Dec 2012


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