1. Class 17 2009/2010

2. 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 5. Discussion 6. Conclusion 7. References 8. Annexes

3. Transition [2] Adaptation New reality Different city Distance from home New friends New educational methods Living alone 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes [2] Loureiro, E. (2008) 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

4. Decision Making and Problems Solving Social SupportHealthy Life Style Personal well-being [3] Gradual process [5] All ready to succeedAll ready to succeed Basal Requirements Motivation Adaptation However To adapt to their surrounding environment an individual must cope and manage problems, challenges and demands in his and her daily life [4] [3] Kari, K. (2006) ; [4] Dyson, R (2006) ; [5 ]Montelongo, R. (2004) 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

5. Key words in bibliographic research: Students, Medical Social Adjustment Academic success AND / OR failure Research performed in: PubMed Google Scholar 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

6. Key words in bibliographic research: Students, Medical Social Adjustment Academic success AND / OR failure Research performed in: PubMed Google Scholar 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

7. Influenced by: [3] Kari, K. (2006) ; [6] Feenstra, J. S. (2001) ; [7] SAT I (2009) 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

8. Distance from home/nuclear family Familys support is of major importance in the maintenance of a good mental health. Extra curricular activities Although it may represent drawbacks if they occupy most of the students free time, it can be a relaxing moment of the daily routine. 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References Expected results : 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

9. Sleeping time Influenced by: Night outs frequency; Night outs return hour; Sleeping hours; Influences Ability to accomplish daily tasks and health; Gender [9] Influences Academic performance 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References [9] Magalhães, E (2009) 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

10. Other factors that influence students academic success : Students level of stress [8] Is very common on medical students, which may develop depression symptoms and suicidal thoughts Social background [10] Such as parents education Socioeconomic status [11] [8] Vitaliano, P. (1989) ; [10] Ortiz, E. (2008) ; [11] Mcmanus, C. (1986). 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

11. In literature we could find some factors that influence academic success but we focused our study on: - Gender - Course satisfaction - Extra curricular activities - Time of study - Family support - Resting time In spite of existing more factors, our option reflects on these because we thought this would be more interesting 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

12. Academic success… How to define it? 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References We consider success to have been approved at least subjects from the 1 st semester in FMUP fulfilling 20 or more ECTS. 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

13. Academic satisfaction… How to define it? 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References Academic Life Satisfaction is defined as the expected satisfaction in one's life in school by the fulfillment of his/her important academic goals or aspirations. [12 ] We used a Satisfaction scale, which was rated from 1 to 10: 1-4: Unsatisfied 5-8: Satisfied 9-10: Very satisfied [12] Kumar, P. S. 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

14. In order to achieve our goal, we tried to: Discover which are the causes to success / failure; Point out some important measures to obtain success. Evaluate academic performance; 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

15. 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

16. Target Population: Students attending Master in Medicine in the 1 st year for the 1 st time. (aproximately 254 students) 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

17. Inclusion Criteria Students attending FMUP 1 st year. Exclusion Criteria Students attending FMUP 1 st year not for the first time; Students that have been in another college. 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

18. Inclusion Criteria Students attending FMUP 1 st year. Exclusion Criteria Students attending FMUP 1 st year not for the first time; Students that have been previously in another college. 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

19. Selection Method 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

20. Survey adressing personal issues Survey 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

21. 1 st Semester grades Survey construction (online and on paper) CONCLUSIONS Statistical analysis PASW 18 Students personal information Divulgation: Contacting each head of class by email and practical classes (Anatomy II) Data Analysis Telephone approach (message) after 2 nd re-send with no reply 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

22. 335 registered 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References Students from 1 st year 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success? 31 licensee 50 disapproved 335 – 31 – 50 = 254 Number of from the first year for the first time in college Number of students that started other course and withdrew is unknown, so is not removed from the 254

23. 161 students 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 Excluded 160 students Sample size 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

24. Comparison: Target populations daily habits and its success on 1 st year medical school. 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

25. In order to characterize the sample: Choose the adequate variables of the survey; Do adequate statistical analysis. 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

26. First year medical students - The Key to Success 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 5. References 6. Annexes

27. 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References Other attempts to achieve significative results: Logistic regression Hosmer and Lemeshow test Spearman/ Pearson correlation 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

28. 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

29. 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References N(%) Gender of the inquiredFemale105(66,0) Male54(34,0) People who lives withFamily15(9,4) Other144(90,6) Frequency that visits homeEvery Week74(81,3) Less17(18,7) Extra-curricular activitiesNo74(46,5) Yes85(53,5) Frequency night outsOnce or more a week90(56,3) Less70(43,8) Satisfaction gradeUnsatisfeid10(6,6) Satisfied107(70,4) Very Satisfied35(23,0) 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

30. 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success? 161 Inquired 1 excluded 160 Success = 86,2% Failure = 13,8% Success rate = 137/160 Failure rate = 22/160

31. 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success? Academic Success SuccessFailureP-valueR** N(%)N Gender of the inquired Female91(87,5)13(12,5) 0,4730,057 Male45(83,3)9(16,7) Total time of study per week 1 to 9 hours37(90,2)4(9,8) 0,465*0,022 10 to 19 hours66(82,5)14(17,5) 20 to 30 hours16(94,1)1(5,9) 30 or more hours17(85,0)3(15,0) Extra-curricular activities No62(84,9)11(15,1) 0,700-0,031 Yes74(87,1)11(12,9) Satisfaction grade Unsatisfeid4(40,0)6(60,0) 0,001*0,177 Satisfied96(90,6)10(9,4) Very Satisfied31(88,6)4(11,4) *Fisher Exact Test **Spearmen Correlation

32. 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success? Academic Success SuccessFailureP-valueR** N(%)N Family support People who lives with Family13(86,7)2(13,3) 1,000*0,006 Other123(86,0)20(14,0) Frequency that visits home Every Week66(89,2)8(10,8) 1,000*0,021 Other14(87,5)2(12,5) Sleeping habits Frequency night outs Once or more a week 77(85,6)13(14,4) 0,800-0,020 Less60(87,0)9(13,0) Night out return hour After 2 o'clock69(86,3)11(13,8) 0,9750,003 Other68(86,1)11(13,9) Hours of sleep per night 5 to 7 hours73(83,9)14(16,1) 0,329-0,079 8 to 10 hours59(89,4)7(10,6) *Fisher Exact Test **Spearmen Correlation

33. Fisher Exact Test Spearman Correlation P-value: 0,001 R: 0,177 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References Medical School: Factors affecting 1 st year academic success Satisfaction vs. Academic Success

34. Y = 32,214 - 0,074*G - 2,237*N – 3,111*P – 22,979*V – 3,537*A - 0,639*H – 1,210*S – 2,565T – 27,031SG 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References Logistic Regression 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success? βSig. Gender (G)-,074,971 Total time of study per week (T)-2,565,163 Extra-curricular activities (A)-3,537,021 Satisfaction grade (SG)-27,731,996 People who lives with (P)-3,111,215 Frequency that visits home (V)-22,979,996 Frequency nights out (N)-2,237,370 Hours that return home at night (H)-,639,688 Hours of sleep per night (S)-1,210,446 Constant32,214,995

35. Discussion Problems when generalizing results; Though contact was made with the authors of the selected articles, no access was allowed to the surveys used in their studies; Due to schedule issues: Survey was not validated; Target population could not be completely approached. 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

36. Discussion Problems when generalizing results; Though contact was made with the authors of the selected articles, no access was allowed to the surveys used in their studies; Due to schedule issues: Survey was not validated; Target population could not be completely approached. 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

37. Discussion Problems when generalizing results; Though contact was made with the authors of the selected articles, no access was allowed to the surveys used in their studies; Due to schedule issues: Survey was not validated; Target population could not be completely approached. 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

38. Discussion (…) students with high achievement are more satisfied in their academic life. So achievement increases as Academic Life Satisfaction increases. (…) [12] 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References [12] (Kumar & Dileep) Our results come upon this study 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

39. Discussion In spite of not having significative results it seem that… women have more success than men (corroborated by some studies and not corroborated by other) ; people that have extra-curricular activities presents high levels of success than the others; students that go out at night with less frequency than once a week are more succeeded than the other; People that sleep more time (8 – 10 hours per night) have more success than the ones that sleep less time 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

40. Conclusion Students satisfaction grade with the course is related with academic success. 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

41. Conclusion For further studies: Bigger sample; Students from other medical schools; Include other variables (e.g. stress) 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

42. References: [1] Smith, G. S. (2002). College style: Nearly a third of college freshmen don't return to school the next year. Here's how to improve your odds of survivingand thriving! Career World ; [2] Loureiro, E., Mcintyre, T., Mota-Cardoso, R. (2008). A relação entre o stress e os estilos de vida nos Estudantes De Medicina da Faculdade de Medicina do Porto. Acta Medica do Porto, 209-214. [3] Kari, K., Reidar, T., Arnstein, F., Erlend, H., Tore, G., Nina, T. G., et al. (2006). Life satisfaction and resilience in medical school – a six-year longitudinal, nationwide and comparative study. BMC Medical Education, 1-8; [4] Dyson, R., & Renk, K. (2006). Freshmen adaptation to university life: Depressive symptoms, stress and coping. Journal of clinical psychology. [5] Montelongo, R. (2004). Motivation and Learning Strategies for College Success: A Self- Management Approach (2nd ed.) Journal of College Student Development ; [6] Feenstra, J. S., Banyard, V. L., Rines, E. N., & Hopkins, K. R. (2001). First-year students' adaptation to college: The role of family variables and individual coping. Journal of College Student Development ; [7] SAT I: A Faulty Instrument For Predicting College Success. Fairtest. (s.d.). Obtained at November 25th of 2009, from Fair Test The National Center for Fair and Opening Testing: http://www.fairtest.org/sat-i-faulty-instrument-predicting-college-success; 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

43. References: [8] Vitaliano, P., Maiuro, R., Mitchell, E., & Russo, J. (1989). Perceived stress in medical school: Resistors, persistors, adaptors and maladaptors. Social Science & Medicin, Volume 28, Issue 12, 1321-1329; [9] Magalhães, E., Portela, M., Oliveira, P., Salgueira, A. P., & Costa, M. (2009). PERSONALIDADE, GÉNERO E DESEMPENHO ACADÉMICO: UM ESTUDO COM ESTUDANTES DE MEDICINA PORTUGUESES. Actas do X Congresso Internacional Galego- Português de Psicopedagogia, (pp. 4906-4917). Braga. [10] Ortiz, E. (2008). What are the Factory of Success at University? A Case study in Belgium. CESifo Economic Studies Vol54,2, 121-148; [11] Mcmanus, C., Richards, P. (1986). Admission for medicine in the United Kingdom: a structural model of background factors. Medical Education, 181-160. [12] Kumar, P. S., & Dileep, P. (n.d.). Academic Life Satisfaction Scale (ALSS) and its effectiveness in predicting academic success. University of Calicut, Department of education, 1-15. 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

44. Annexes: INQUÉRITO Estudantes de Medicina no primeiro ano pela primeira vez: a chave para o sucesso Somos um grupo de estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Portugal, que frequenta o primeiro ano do curso de Medicina, turma 17, e estamos a realizar um estudo transversal e observacional, no âmbito da disciplina de Introdução à Medicina acerca dos factores relacionados com o sucesso/insucesso escolar dos estudantes inscritos pela primeira vez no ensino superior no 1º ano no curso de Medicina. Tendo em conta a vossa experiência, acreditamos que as vossas respostas serão de extrema importância para o nosso estudo. Deste modo, pedimos que respondam a este breve questionário, elaborado propositada e unicamente para reunir a informação da população alvo. Apesar de ser solicitado o nome ao inquirido, garantimos a confidencialidade dos dados. NOME:__________________________________________________________________________________ ID: ___ ___ ___ ID: ___ ___ ___ 1 - Em que ano nasceste? ______ 2 - Tiveste necessidade de te deslocar do teu agregado familiar habitual para frequentares o curso? SIM ____ NÃO ____ Se SIM, com quem vives agora? AMIGOS ____ SOZINHO(A) ____ FAMÍLIA ____ OUTRO (especificar) ________________ 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

45. 3 - Se respondeste SIM na questão anterior, com que frequência vais a casa? Todos os fins de semana ___ Duas vezes por mês ____ Uma vez por mês ____ Só nas férias ____ 4 - Em média, com que frequência sais à noite? Duas ou mais vezes por semana ____ Uma vez por semana ____ Duas vezes por mês ____ Uma vez por mês ou menos ____ 4.1 - Até que horas habitualmente duram as tuas saídas? Até as 22h ______ Até às 24h _______ Até as 2h ________ Até depois das 2h ______ 5 - Quantas horas de sono tens habitualmente por noite? _____ horas 6 - Frequentas algum tipo de actividades extra-curriculares? SIM ____ NÃO _____ Se respondeste NÃO, avança imediatamente para a pergunta 7 Se SIM, que actividade(s)? __________________________________ Quantas horas semanais ocupas com essa actividade? ________________ 7 - Em média, quanto tempo passas diariamente na faculdade para além do tempo de aulas? _____ horas 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 6. Conclusion 8. Annexes 5. Discussion 7. References Annexes: 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

46. 1. Introduction and background 2. Aims 3. Methods 4. Results 5. References 6. Annexes 8 - Em média, quanto tempo estimas ter dedicado por semana para cada uma das disciplinas no semestre passado? Anatomia I: _____ horas Biologia Celular I: _____ horas Bioquímica I: _____ horas Introdução a Medicina I: _____ horas 9 - Das quatro disciplinas que tiveste no último semestre, reprovaste a alguma? SIM___ NÃO___ Se respondeste SIM, qual/quais foram? Anatomia I: ____ Biologia Celular I: ____ Bioquímica I: ____ Introdução à Medicina I: ____ 10 - Relativamente às disciplinas que obtiveste aprovação, quais foram as notas finais? Anatomia I: ____ Biologia Celular I: ____ Bioquímica I: ____ Introdução à Medicina I: ____ 11 - Numa escala de 0 a 10, qual o teu grau de satisfação com o curso que frequentas? _______ Voltar Annexes: 1 st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?

47. We would like to express our gratitude to ours supervisors Gustavo Martins, Rosa Oliveira and to Professor Altamiro Manuel Rodrigues Costa Pereira, whose expertise and advices added considerably remarks to our experience and work.

48. Rafael, A.; Areias, A. C.; Raimundo, A. R.; Macedo, A. R.; Melo, C.; Venade, G.; Castro, L.; Sousa, M. I.; Ferreira, M. J.; Morgado, M.; Coelho, M.; Rebelo, M.; Catarino, P.; Cardoso, R.; Silva, S.; Carvalho, V.