1. Chapter 11 Cloud Services Chen Xu, Jizhe Xia, Qunying Huang, and Myra Bambacus C. Xu, J. Xia, Q. Huang, and M. Bambacus, 2013. Chapter 11 Cloud Services, In Spatial Cloud Computing: a practical approach, edited by C. Yang, Q. Huang, Z. Li, C. Xu, K. Liu, CRC Press: pp. 181-200.

2. Learning Objectives Critical factors that may impact the capacities of cloud providers to effectively offer services to customers. Three IaaS cloud services: Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, and NASA Nebula

3. C. Xu, J. Xia, Q. Huang, and M. Bambacus, 2013. Chapter 11 Cloud Services, In Spatial Cloud Computing: a practical approach, edited by C. Yang, Q. Huang, Z. Li, C. Xu, K. Liu, CRC Press: pp. 181-200. Learning Modules Critical factors that may impact the capacities of cloud providers to effectively offer services to customers. Three IaaS cloud services: Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, and NASA Nebula

4. C. Xu, J. Xia, Q. Huang, and M. Bambacus, 2013. Chapter 11 Cloud Services, In Spatial Cloud Computing: a practical approach, edited by C. Yang, Q. Huang, Z. Li, C. Xu, K. Liu, CRC Press: pp. 181-200. Critical Factors Geographic presence User interfaces and access to servers Automatic scaling and load balancing Service level agreement (SLA )

5. C. Xu, J. Xia, Q. Huang, and M. Bambacus, 2013. Chapter 11 Cloud Services, In Spatial Cloud Computing: a practical approach, edited by C. Yang, Q. Huang, Z. Li, C. Xu, K. Liu, CRC Press: pp. 181-200. Amazon EC2 – Geographic presence Amazon has data centers located in nine regions.

6. C. Xu, J. Xia, Q. Huang, and M. Bambacus, 2013. Chapter 11 Cloud Services, In Spatial Cloud Computing: a practical approach, edited by C. Yang, Q. Huang, Z. Li, C. Xu, K. Liu, CRC Press: pp. 181-200. Amazon EC2 – User interfaces and access to servers AWS Management Console

7. C. Xu, J. Xia, Q. Huang, and M. Bambacus, 2013. Chapter 11 Cloud Services, In Spatial Cloud Computing: a practical approach, edited by C. Yang, Q. Huang, Z. Li, C. Xu, K. Liu, CRC Press: pp. 181-200. Amazon EC2 – User interfaces and access to servers Amazon EC2 is a paravirtualized environment based on Xen. Amazon EC2 supports both Windows and Linux operating systems. Amazon EC2 has flexible and multiple price models. Then tenant model Geographic regions Computing usage Instance types Operating system of the instance

8. C. Xu, J. Xia, Q. Huang, and M. Bambacus, 2013. Chapter 11 Cloud Services, In Spatial Cloud Computing: a practical approach, edited by C. Yang, Q. Huang, Z. Li, C. Xu, K. Liu, CRC Press: pp. 181-200. Amazon EC2 – Automatic scaling and load balancing Amazon EC2 provides an auto-scaling service. Two advanced services in the Cross Service layer. Elastic Beanstalk CloudFront

9. C. Xu, J. Xia, Q. Huang, and M. Bambacus, 2013. Chapter 11 Cloud Services, In Spatial Cloud Computing: a practical approach, edited by C. Yang, Q. Huang, Z. Li, C. Xu, K. Liu, CRC Press: pp. 181-200. Amazon EC2 – Service level agreement (SLA) Amazon EC2 SLA guarantees 99.95% availability for all Amazon regions. All other AWS services, such as CloudFront, provide an SLA with a service level commitment of 99.9% availability in general.

10. C. Xu, J. Xia, Q. Huang, and M. Bambacus, 2013. Chapter 11 Cloud Services, In Spatial Cloud Computing: a practical approach, edited by C. Yang, Q. Huang, Z. Li, C. Xu, K. Liu, CRC Press: pp. 181-200. Windows Azure – Geographic presence Windows Azure has data centers located in eight regions.

11. C. Xu, J. Xia, Q. Huang, and M. Bambacus, 2013. Chapter 11 Cloud Services, In Spatial Cloud Computing: a practical approach, edited by C. Yang, Q. Huang, Z. Li, C. Xu, K. Liu, CRC Press: pp. 181-200. Windows Azure – User interfaces and access to servers Windows Azure interface includes a management portal and command-line tools. Several Microsoft products (e.g., Microsoft Visual Studio and Microsoft WebMatrix) could help deploy and manage user applications and cloud resources.

12. C. Xu, J. Xia, Q. Huang, and M. Bambacus, 2013. Chapter 11 Cloud Services, In Spatial Cloud Computing: a practical approach, edited by C. Yang, Q. Huang, Z. Li, C. Xu, K. Liu, CRC Press: pp. 181-200. Windows Azure – User interfaces and access to servers Windows Azure Hypervisor is specially designed. Windows Azure currently supports both Windows and Linux operating systems for VMs. Windows Azures service price is calculated based on computing usage: Website cost Virtual machines cost Cloud service cost Mobile service cost Data management cost

13. C. Xu, J. Xia, Q. Huang, and M. Bambacus, 2013. Chapter 11 Cloud Services, In Spatial Cloud Computing: a practical approach, edited by C. Yang, Q. Huang, Z. Li, C. Xu, K. Liu, CRC Press: pp. 181-200. Windows Azure – Automatic scaling and load balancing Windows Azure enables computing resources to be separated from storage to achieve independent scalability of computing and storage. Flat Network Storage (FNS) improves bandwidth of network connectivity to support Windows Azure VMs.

14. C. Xu, J. Xia, Q. Huang, and M. Bambacus, 2013. Chapter 11 Cloud Services, In Spatial Cloud Computing: a practical approach, edited by C. Yang, Q. Huang, Z. Li, C. Xu, K. Liu, CRC Press: pp. 181-200. Windows Azure – Service level agreement (SLA) Windows Azure guarantees a 99.95% computing reliability and 99.9% role instance and storage reliability.

15. C. Xu, J. Xia, Q. Huang, and M. Bambacus, 2013. Chapter 11 Cloud Services, In Spatial Cloud Computing: a practical approach, edited by C. Yang, Q. Huang, Z. Li, C. Xu, K. Liu, CRC Press: pp. 181-200. A Brief Introduction of NASA Nebula Nebula is a federal cloud computing service served by NASA. It is an open-source project. Nebula is dedicated to support NASA scientific tasks with a private cloud.

16. C. Xu, J. Xia, Q. Huang, and M. Bambacus, 2013. Chapter 11 Cloud Services, In Spatial Cloud Computing: a practical approach, edited by C. Yang, Q. Huang, Z. Li, C. Xu, K. Liu, CRC Press: pp. 181-200. A Brief Introduction of NASA Nebula Nebula only has so far realized limited scalability. Its services are compatible with Amazon EC2. It leverages the Eucalyptus API for VM control.

17. C. Xu, J. Xia, Q. Huang, and M. Bambacus, 2013. Chapter 11 Cloud Services, In Spatial Cloud Computing: a practical approach, edited by C. Yang, Q. Huang, Z. Li, C. Xu, K. Liu, CRC Press: pp. 181-200. A Brief Introduction of NASA Nebula Nebula provides an graphical user interface and a set of command-line tools for service management. Nebula uses KVM hypervisor. It supports two Linux distributions: Ubuntu and CentOS.

18. C. Xu, J. Xia, Q. Huang, and M. Bambacus, 2013. Chapter 11 Cloud Services, In Spatial Cloud Computing: a practical approach, edited by C. Yang, Q. Huang, Z. Li, C. Xu, K. Liu, CRC Press: pp. 181-200. Conclusion

19. C. Xu, J. Xia, Q. Huang, and M. Bambacus, 2013. Chapter 11 Cloud Services, In Spatial Cloud Computing: a practical approach, edited by C. Yang, Q. Huang, Z. Li, C. Xu, K. Liu, CRC Press: pp. 181-200. Questions Please enumerate five key considerations in commercial cloud service comparison. Please enumerate the five layers of Amazon AWS architecture and briefly summarize their core functionalities. What are the core advantages and the biggest concerns of Amazon AWS? Please enumerate the core components of Windows Azure and briefly summarize their core functionalities. What are the core advantage and the biggest concerns of Windows Azure? What are the major difference of NASA Nebula from the other tow cloud services regarding their targeted customers? Enumerate two other popular cloud services and discuss the advantages of using the cloud services.

20. C. Xu, J. Xia, Q. Huang, and M. Bambacus, 2013. Chapter 11 Cloud Services, In Spatial Cloud Computing: a practical approach, edited by C. Yang, Q. Huang, Z. Li, C. Xu, K. Liu, CRC Press: pp. 181-200. References AWS, 2012. Overview of Amazon Web Services.http://media.amazonwebservices.com/AWS_Overview.pdfhttp://media.amazonwebservices.com/AWS_Overview.pdf Bondi, A.B., 2000. Characteristics of scalability and their impact on performance.ACM WOSP00 Proceedings of the 2 nd International Workshop on Software and Performance, New York, NY. ISACS, 2012. Cloud Computing Market Maturity: Study Results. https://downloads.cloudsecurityalliance.org/initiatives/collaborate/isaca/2012-Cloud-Computing-Market-Maturity-Study- Results.pdf (Retrieved on Jan. 24, 2013). https://downloads.cloudsecurityalliance.org/initiatives/collaborate/isaca/2012-Cloud-Computing-Market-Maturity-Study- Results.pdf Li, A., Yang, X., Kandula, S., and Zhang, M., 2010.CloudCmp: Comparing public cloud providers. IMC10, November 1-3, 2010, Melbourne, Australia. Saini, S., Heistand, S., Jin, H., Chang, J., Hood, R., Mehrotra, P., and Biswas, R. 2012.An application-based performance evaluation of NASAs Nebula cloud computing platform.2012 IEEE 14 th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications, 336-343. Scheier, R.L. 2012. Virtualization management: A single pane of glass. CIO.IN. http://www.cio.in/article/virtualization- management-single-pane-glass (accessed on April 19, 2013).http://www.cio.in/article/virtualization- management-single-pane-glass Smith, R. 1996. Distance is dead: the world will change. BMJ 313: 1572. Solnik, R. 2012. Cloud Management Through a Single Pane of Glass, Not a Kaleidoscope. http://www.informationweek.com/cloud-computing/infrastructure/cloud-management-through-a-single-pane- o/240001622 (last accessed 2/22/2013). http://www.informationweek.com/cloud-computing/infrastructure/cloud-management-through-a-single-pane- o/240001622 Varia, J., 2011.Amazon EC2 and AWS Elastic Beanstalk Introduction.http://www.slideshare.net/AmazonWebServices/amazon-ec2-and-aws-elastic-beanstalk-introduction