1. EOCEP Release Items by Standard and Indicator Realigned to 2011 standards in August 2011

2. Which colonial region had the most religious diversity during the 1700s? A. New England colonies B. Southern colonies C. Middle colonies D. Backcountry Key: C Released SCCSS Presentation 07 (Additional release item for this indicator found in Teachers Guide) Indicator 1.1

3. What was the American colonists' primary objection to the taxes imposed by the Stamp Act? A. It was the first time the British tried to control the colonies. B. It set the rate so high that it harmed the colonial economy. C. It had not been approved by colonial representatives. D. It interfered with merchants' right to free trade. Key: C Released SCCSS Presentation 07 (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 1.2

4. Read the quotation below and answer the question that follows. The representative of the French people…have determined to set forth in a The representative of the French people…have determined to set forth in a solemn declaration the natural, unreliable, and sacred rights of man…[and solemn declaration the natural, unreliable, and sacred rights of man…[and reinforce] the happiness of all. -French National Assembly, 1789 reinforce] the happiness of all. -French National Assembly, 1789 Which important U.S. document influenced this excerpt? A. the Bill of Rights B. the U.S. Constitution C. the Articles of Confederation D. the Declaration of Independence Key: D (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 1.3

5. Which newspaper headline best illustrates the ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation? A. Whiskey Rebellion Begins in Western Pennsylvania B. New York Imposes Tariff on Connecticut Goods C. Supreme Court Denied Power of Judicial Review D. Land Ordinance of 1785 Issued by Congress Key: B (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 1.4

6. What was an important argument that the Federalists made in support of a new constitution? A. It would weaken slavery. B. It would protect states' rights C. It would strengthen the economy. D. It would protect the rights of the individual. Key: C (Additional release item for this indicator) Indicator 1.4

7. (Release item for this indicator found in Teachers Guide) Indicator 1.5

8. Which aspect of economic policy did Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton agree upon? A. The U.S. government should pass a protective tariff. B. The U.S. government should use liquor taxes to raise revenue. C. The U.S. government should pay off the war debt to foreign countries. countries. D. The U.S. government should insure deposits in the Bank of the United States. United States. Key: C (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 1.6

9. Read the quotation below and answer the question that follows. We are unanimously of opinion, that the law passed by the legislature of We are unanimously of opinion, that the law passed by the legislature of Maryland, imposing a tax on the Bank of the United States, is unconstitutional. Maryland, imposing a tax on the Bank of the United States, is unconstitutional. -McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 -McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 Which was one important outcome of this court decision? A. the principle of no taxation without representation B. the establishment of a federal government C. the strengthening of judicial review D. the creation of a national bank Key: C (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 1.7

10. Which characteristic is most commonly associated with the westward expansion of the United States? A. industrialism B. mercantilism C. individualism D. reformism Key: C (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 2.1

11. During the 1800s, what was frequently cited as a justification for U.S. expansionist policies in clashes with other nations? A. Bill of Rights B. Social Contract C. Manifest Destiny D. Gospel of Wealth Key: C Released SCCSS Presentation 07 (Additional release item found in Teachers Guide) Indicator 2.2

12. Look at the graph below and answer the question that follows. Bales of Cotton Produced in the South, 1729-1860 Which factor most encouraged the trend shown in the graph? A.an increase of paid cotton workers in the South B.the growth of industrial production in the South C.the rise of textile manufacturing in England and the United States D.an increase in the number of railroad lines that crossed the continent Key: C (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 2.3

13. What did the South gain from both the Compromise of the 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act? A. an enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law B. a provision to honor the Mason-Dixon line C. the gradual elimination of slavery in the territories being added to the nation the nation D. the use of popular sovereignty in making decisions about slavery in the territories in the territories Key: D (Release item for this indicator) (Additional release item for this indicator found in Teachers Guide) Indicator 3.1

14. In the fall of 1862, what was one immediate effect of President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation? A.It ended the Civil War. B.It created confusion in the South. C.It abolished slavery in all states of the Union. D.It led European countries to ally with the South. Key: B (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 3.2

15. What was one significant economic reason why the South remained poor after Reconstruction? A. the physical damage to the South that resulted from the Civil War. B. the shortage of labor as freemen left plantations for northern factories northern factories C. the high taxes imposed on the southern states as punishment for secession for secession D. the money printed by the Confederacy that led to inflation in the South in the South Key: A (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 3.3

16. How did the Freedmen's Bureau assist freed slaves in the South after the Civil War? A. It helped them start small businesses. B. It gave them each forty acres of land. C. It set up a sharecropping system for them. D. It created educational opportunities for them. Key: D Released SCCSS Presentation 07 (Additional release item for this indicator) Indicator 3.3

17. How did the federal government use tariffs in the late 1800s to help the United States grow into an industrial power? A. to tax U.S. industry as a source of federal income B. to convince other nations to buy newly available U.S. products C. to support U.S. businesses that imported the newest technologies D. to discourage U.S. consumers from buying foreign-made products Key: D (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 4.2

18. (Release item for this indicator found in Teachers Guide) Indicator 4.3

19. Which American political party is best represented by the diagram? A. Populist Party B. Republican Party C. Progressive Party D. Know-Nothing Party Key: A (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 4.4

20. Look at the graph below and answer the question that follows. Child Labor, 1890-1930 What accounted for the trend shown in this graph? A. a decrease in productivity after World War I B. an increase in state minimum working ages C. an increase in skilled laborers from immigration D. a decrease in children's charitable organizations Key: B (Additional release item for this indicator) Indicator 4.4

21. Following Reconstruction, Democrats returned to power in the former Confederate states and renewed the social and political oppression of southern African Americans. What was one result of this situation? A. African Americans became farm workers in the North. B. Thousands of African American families migrated to the Midwest. C. The Colonization movement settled African Americans in Liberia. D. Southern African Americans refused to serve in the U.S. military. Key: B (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 4.5

22. Why did immigrants support political machines? A. to have more educational opportunities B. to reform city governments C. to get better public housing D. to gain employment Key: D (Additional release item for this indicator) Indicator 4.5

23. Look at the photograph below and answer the question that follows. Why would these women participate in such a demonstration? A. They believed food producers often sought profit over consumer safety. B. They wanted to promote vegetarianism as a more healthful lifestyle. C. They wanted to draw attention to the problems of homemakers. D. They believed food-packing workers were unfairly paid. Key: A (Additional release item for this indicator) Indicator 4.6

24. What event is the best example of the use of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine? A. the United States intervening in the Dominican Republic to collect debts B. the United States forcing Japan to open trade with American merchants C. the United States imposing tariffs on produce imported from Panama D. the United States creating spheres of influence on mainland China Key: A (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 5.1

25. How did the results of the Spanish American War affect the expansion of the United States? A.The war ended U.S. expansion because of the extraordinary costs of the war. of the war. B. The war allowed the United States to acquire the Texas territory. C. The war led to increased U.S. expansion into South America. D. The war gave the United States territories in the South Pacific. Key: D Released SCCSS Presentation 07 (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 5.2

26. What tactic did President Theodore Roosevelt use to get the Panama Canal built? A.He supported a rebellion against the Colombian government. B.He forced the Colombian government to sign the 1903 Hay-Herran treaty. Hay-Herran treaty. A.He leased the canal zone from an international company. B.He seized Panama from Spain after the Spanish American War. Key: A (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 5.3

27. (Release item for this indicator found in Teachers Guide) Indicator 5.4

28. Look at the photograph below from the early 1900s and answer the question that follows. How did the manufacturing of automobiles by the method shown in the photograph affect the U.S. economy? A. It caused high levels of unemployment. B. It reduced the number of new industries. C. It created more products at lower prices. D. It started the growth of urban development. Key: C (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 6.1

29. Which contributed most to the Great Migration of African Americans to the North? A. decreasing numbers of agricultural jobs in the South B. improved transportation systems in the North C. overcrowded conditions in southern cities D. labor shortages in northern cities Key: D (Additional release item for this indicator) Indicator 6.1

30. What did women's suffrage and Prohibition have in common? A. both were motivated by anti-communist sentiments B. both were successful conservative Christian crusades C. both were state laws in many parts of the country before becoming constitutional amendments constitutional amendments D. both were enacted as laws by Congress and then struck down by the Supreme Court as unconstitutional the Supreme Court as unconstitutional Key: C (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 6.2

31. (Release item for this indicator found in Teachers Guide) Indicator 6.3

32. Why did many urban industrial workers support the New Deal? A. It nationalized city utilities. B. It legalized collective bargaining. C. It eased regulations on businesses. D. It actively supported political machines. Key: B Released SCCSS Presentation 07 (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 6.4

33. Why did President Franklin D. Roosevelt refrain from intervening in Europe during the rise of totalitarian regimes in Germany and Italy? A.A large portion of the American public did not support U.S. involvement in Europe. involvement in Europe. B. President Roosevelt did not believe the U.S. military could defeat the German military. the German military. C. The leaders of Britain and France did not want the United States intervening in European affairs. intervening in European affairs. D. President Roosevelt was afraid a prolonged war would further damage the weakened U.S. economy. damage the weakened U.S. economy. Key: A (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 7.1

34. Read the quotation below by Eleanor Roosevelt and answer the question that follows. I foresee some difficulty for some of the people who live at such great distances I foresee some difficulty for some of the people who live at such great distances and who have no car, no train, no airplane to ride, no way of using a car, of and who have no car, no train, no airplane to ride, no way of using a car, of reaching the centers where they can buy. reaching the centers where they can buy. What effect of World War II on the U.S. home front was Mrs. Roosevelt referring to? A. limited access to public transportation B. shutdown of car production C. price controls on goods D. rationing of necessities Key: D (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 7.2

35. How did the United States' goal in World War II differ from its goal in World War I? A. The United States fought to end the war quickly. B. The United States fought for unconditional surrender. C. The United States fought to bring about a lasting peace. D. The United States fought to preserve freedom and democracy. Key: B Released SCCSS Presentation 07 (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 7.3

36. In the aftermath of the Holocaust, what new action did the United States take to aid Jews? A. It created shelter programs. B. It recognized Israel as a state. C. It helped locate lost relatives. D. It provided monetary compensation. Key: B (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 7.4

37. (Release item for this indicator found in Teachers Guide) Indicator 7.5

38. How did the status of American women change in the decade following World War II? A.They entered factory jobs created by new levels of consumer demand. demand. B.They started to earn salaries equal to men's salaries equal to men's. to men's. C. They returned to the home as men returned from overseas. D. They earned college degrees for the first time. Key: C Released SCCSS Presentation 07 (Release item for this indicator) (Additional release item for this indicator found in Teachers Guide) Indicator 7.6

39. How did Martin Luther King Jr.'s strategy to achieve social justice differ from that of Black Power advocates? A. King worked with white leaders. B. King opposed the war in Vietnam. C. King organized marches and public demonstrations. D. King supported voting rights for African Americans. Key: A (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 8.1

40. What was a common criticism of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution? A.It made the South Vietnamese more vulnerable to communist aggression. aggression. B. It encouraged the use of guerrilla warfare in Vietnam. C. It allowed the U.S. executive branch too much power. D. It reduced the freedom of the American press. Key: C (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 8.3

41. Look at the graph below and answer the question that follows. Which statement best explains the changes in economic inequality from 1980 to 2000? A. The number of active union members increased. B. The number of two-income households increased. C. The number of high-wage manufacturing jobs decreased. D. The number part-time and temporary workers decreased. Key: C (Release item for this indicator) Indicator 8.5

42. What foreign policy under the administrations of has been a consistent feature of U.S. President Harry Truman through President George W. Bush? A. support for the state of Israel B. opposition to dictators in Iraq C. friendly relations with mainland China D. strained relations with France and Germany Key: A Released SCCSS Presentation 07 (Additional release item for this indicator found in Teachers Guide) Indicator 8.6