1. A FFECTS ON F OOD A VAILABILITY

2. Trade Barriers Embargos: Being denied trade with a country can decrease food availability. (example Cuba and the USA) Quotas: Limits the amount of foreign imports. Decrease in Food availability and it may also affect the exporting country. IF we remove Tariffs less expensive imported food floods into countries putting local farmers out of business = decrease in food availability or increase? High Tariffs on imported food (Canada 300% on Dairy) gives domestic sectors the ability to chose pricing. Increase in price=decrease in food availability.

3. SUBSIDIES farmers are paid to NOT produce=decrease food availability agricultural subsidies from the US and European Union allow western farmers to sell food in foreign markets below the normal cost of production, displacing local crops which cannot compete. This can cause a increase in price= decrease food availability It protects the domestic agriculture al industry by making farming profitable, especially in developed areas where farmland may be more valuable as commercial real estate, so farmers need an incentive to keep farming.=increase food availability Protects domestic agriculture and also contributes to national security by ensuring there is a secure food supply=increase food availability

4. Multilateral and Bilateral agreements NAFTA Free trade agreement creating Trade wars ex. Tomato wars with Florida and Mexico Free Trade opens up the markets to some countries allowing them to gain access creating more income increasing food availability Gives preferential treatment to the farmers within the trading bloc.

5. They may encourage an emphasis on the growing of non-food cash crops rather than food crops Gain control of the supply of seed of one or more basic crops, this seed is priced beyond the means of the average farmer Seed may require higher than affordable investments in infrastructure or equipment in order for high yields to be obtained Ex Montsanto "We now believe that Monsanto has control over as much as 90 percent of (seed genetics). This level of control is almost unbelievable," said Neil Harl, agricultural economist at Iowa State -CBS Transnational corporations (TNCs) have been allowed to gain control of supply chains and exert a stranglehold on global food security through a process of ownership of seed, proprietary chemicals. At issue is how much power one company can have over seeds, the foundation of the world's food supply. Without stiff competition, Monsanto could raise its seed prices at will, which in turn could raise the cost of everything from animal feed to wheat bread and cookies. TNCs

6. To Do: HOMEWORK 1.Read pages 440-443 2.Write down the efficiency ratios for the different types of agriculture practices. 3.Explain the concept of sustainable agriculture in terms of energy efficiency ratios and sustainable yields. ( Conserving an ecological balance by avoiding depletion of natural resources ) 4.Complete questions on page 443 questions 1-4