1. Swiss Energy Policy Jean-Christophe Füeg Head Intl Energy Affairs Swiss-Turkish Economic Forum, Istanbul 5 November 2009

2. 2 Energy Policy Three Guiding Principles 1.Federalism Swiss Constitution, Energy Law (1999) Art. 89 Constitution: … economising and rational use of energy… Federal State: appliances, vehicles, installations Cantons: buildings 2.Subsidiarity: i.e. voluntary action and self-regulation first, state regulation as a last resort if voluntary action fails 3.Direct democracy: Referendum and Popular Initiative 7 votes at federal level since 2000: 2000: rejection of 3 proposals for promotion of renewables 2001: rejection of energy incentive tax/ecological tax reform 2002: rejection of Electricity Market Law 2003: rejection of two nuclear phase-out proposals Numerous votes at cantonal and communal levels

3. 3 Switzerland Energy Mix Much oil, little industry...

4. 4 Electricity Market Opening in 2 Steps Partial market opening Full market opening 20092014 facultative referendum 2. step 1. step <100MWh with default service provider Eligible customers <100MWh: choice bw. market and default service provider Eligible customers

5. 5 Energy Policy Challenges 0 20 40 60 80 100 19902000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 TWh Hydro Nuclear Fossil Imported Nuclear New RES (Solar, Wind, Biomass) Electricity Demand Looming Electricity Supply Gap

6. 6 Energy Strategy Adopted February 2007 Four pillars 1.Renewable Energies Electricity Supply Law: Feed-in tariffs as from 2009 Action Plan (February 2008) 2.Energy Efficiency Action Plan (February 2008) 3.Large Power Plants inevitable, i.e. Gas and/or Nuclear Speedier permitting (mainly power lines) Gas-power plants: full CO2 compensation, 50% domestic 3 nuclear power plant applications filed in 2008: likely referendum around 2013/14 4.International Energy Relations EU main partner. Electricity negotiations since end 2007

7. 7 Programme SwissEnergy Budget cutbacks till 2008 Economic stimulus packages CHF100M for building refurbishment CHF 30M for district heating CHF 10M for replacement of electric heating systems CHF 10M for solar PV Huge cantonal variations

8. 8 Renewable Energy Electricity Supply Law (2007) Cost-covering feed-in tariffs Twelve-fold increase of feed-in tariffs as from 2009 Financed through 0.45 cent/kWh grid levy Debate about lifting cap on PV Action Plan Mostly heat production and biomass Should raise share of RES in primary energy from 16 to 24% Biofuels Fiscal incentive, no target 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Small hydroSolar PVWindBiomassTotal Million CHF. Approved Feed-In TariffsLegal Cap

9. 9 Feed-in Tariffs (1)

10. 10 Feed-in Tariffs (2) (ohne WKK-Bonus)

11. 11 Energy Efficiency Legal Instruments and Programmes since 1990 Energy2000 (1991-2000) Lessons: Voluntary measures not sufficient Need for harmonisation of cantonal policies & measures CO2 Law (2000) Target: -10% CO2 emissions 2 Sub-targets: -15% stationary, -8% transport emissions Transport sector: Climate Cent (1 ¢/liter => CHF 100M fund) Stationary sector: CO2 tax as from 2008 SwissEnergy (2001-2010) Cap electricity demand growth at 5% during 2001-2010: + 9.7% 2007 vs 2000! Action Plan (February 2008) Max. 10% electricity demand increase by 2020 vs. 2000 -20% fossil energy demand by 2020 vs. 2000 Energy Law Amendments: Tightening norms and regulations