1. Bilateral absence of the superior vena cava
Richard N Saunders, David R Richens, George K Morris 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 71, Issue 6, Pages (June 2001)
DOI: /S (00)

2. Fig 1
(A) Posteroanterior venogram after catheterization of the right brachiocephalic vein through the cephalic vein at the right antecubital fossa. Contrast does not pass beyond the confluence of the right and left brachiocephalic veins (RBCV/LBCV) into the superior vena cava, instead passing down a dilated azygos vein (AV). (B) Posteroanterior contrast study after catheterization of the right atrium through the right common femoral vein. The right atrium (RA), right ventricle (RV), and pulmonary artery trunk (PA) are well demonstrated by contrast and appear normal. However, there is no retrograde filling of the superior vena cava.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (00) )