1. College Students Attitudes Toward Common Dating Norms Based on Moral Ideology By: Annalisa Blackham Modified by Dr. Carol Albrecht

2. Purpose of Research To determine if gender norms about dating and marriage rituals are related to religious and/or moral ideology. Please note. The slides have been modified, and the data is fabricated. The results are not valid. It is to be used only as an example.

3. Literature Review Korman (1983) found that dating and marriage norms are shifting for college students as they become less committed to traditional religious ideologies. Rose and Frieze (1989) found that women who attend church less are less likely to adhere to traditional dating and marriage norms.

4. Data Collection Techniques Nonrandom, convenience sample of college students Self administered surveys IRB approved

5. Indicators of Concepts Rank your religious/moral ideology. Possible Responses are: 1very conservative 2conservative 3somewhat conservative 4moderate 5somewhat liberal 6liberal 7very liberal *Note, in analysis, responses 1 through 3 were labeled as conservative and responses 4 through 7 were labeled non- conservative. How often it is acceptable for the woman to ask the man on a date. Possible Responses are: 1never 2almost never 3rarely 4sometimes 5often 6almost always 7always

6. Descriptive Table of Sample

8. Never3.12 Rarely1.56 Sometimes21.88 Often29.69 Almost Always37.50 Always6.25 Descriptive Table

9. Never 1.55 Rarely 15.63 Sometimes 15.63 Often 21.88 Always 45.31

10. Research Hypothesis [H 1 ] An individuals attitudes of how often men should ask the women on the dates is contingent on their religious/moral ideology.

11. Chi-Square Table for H 1 Table 3: How Often is it Acceptable for Women to Ask Men for a Date by Religious/Moral Ideology Frequency Religious Ideology NeverRarelySometimesOften Almost Always AlwaysTOTAL Conservative 3.85 (1)0.00 (0)38.46 (10)42.31 (11)15.38 (4)0.00 (0)100.00 (26) Non-Conservative 2.63 (1) 10.53 (4)21.05 (8)52.63 (20)10.53 (4)100.00 (38) TOTAL3.12 (2)1.56 (1)21.88 (14)29.69 (19)37.50 (24)6.25 (4)100.00 (64) Chi-Square: 17.06** **0.001<p<0.01 [p = 0.0044] Note: Number in parentheses are the frequency or total for each cell

12. Conclusions for H 1 Non-conservative respondents are more than 3 times more likely to believe it is almost always acceptable for a woman to ask a man for a date. 10.53% of the non- conservatives compared to none of the conservatives indicated it is always acceptable. Based on my chi-square [17.06] and a probability of 0.0044 [level of significance], I conclude there is a significant relationship between attitudes toward dating norms and religious/moral ideology.

13. Research Hypothesis [H 2 ] An individuals attitudes of how often men should ask the woman for marriage is contingent on their religious/moral ideology.

14. Chi-Square Table for H 2 Table 5: How Often is it Acceptable for Women to Ask Men to Marry Them. How often men should ask the woman to marry Religious IdeologyNeverSometimesOftenAlmost AlwaysAlwaysTOTAL Conservative0.00 (0)26.92 (7) 23.08 (6) 100.00 (26) Non-Conservative2.63 (1)7.89 (3) 21.05 (8)60.53 (23)100.00 (38) TOTAL1.55 (1)15.63 (10) 21.88 (14)45.31 (29)100.00 (64) Chi-Square: 12.65 0.010<p<0.025 [p = 0.0131] Note: Numbers in the parentheses are the frequency or total for each cell

15. Conclusions for H 2 Non-conservatives were almost three times as likely to indicate it is always acceptable for a woman to ask a man to marry. Based on my chi-square [12.65] and a probability of 0.0131, the relationship is significant.