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Sampling and Characterizing Plaster Roger G. Morse AIA Dyanki, Inc.
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Sampling and Characterizing Plaster A New System for Sampling and Characterizing Plaster in Three Dimensions
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Homogeneous areas based on surface characteristics One type of plaster can have different surface characteristics Frequently results in large numbers of samples Typical Survey Looks at Plaster in Two Dimensions
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Example of Homogeneous Plasters in Two Dimensions Smooth wall plaster Lumpy wall plaster Wainscot plaster Crown molding Molded plaster Sandy wall plaster Spattered plaster Knobby plaster Smooth ceiling Lumpy ceiling Applied decorations Sandy ceilings Highly painted ceilings Dashed ceilings High relief molded ceilings
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Same Plasters in Three Dimensions Smooth white finish plaster Sandy white finish plaster Gray-beige base plaster
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Plaster Classification
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Initial Inspection Make an initial determination of likely homogeneous plaster types Collect a sufficient number of each type to meet AHERA requirements for surface treatments –1,000 SF – 3 samples –1,000 to 5,000 SF – 5 samples –Over 5,000 SF – 7 samples
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Sample Collection Core drill connected to HEPA vacuum Clean dust from surface of cores in sealed cabinet with HEPA local exhaust
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Plaster Core
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Evaluate Plaster Cores Evaluate with stereo microscope Assign plaster type to each layer Verify that number of samples meets AHERA requirements
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Gross Characteristics of Each Layer Layer – (top, middle, bottom) Function – (finish, base, scratch) Gross Color – Munsell Color System Thickness
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Components of Each Layer Cement Aggregate Fiber
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Cement - Type Gypsum Lime Gypsum/Lime Portland Cement Clear Adhesive
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Cement Color White Off White Gray Exact colors from Munsell Color System
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Aggregate - Type Sharp masons sand Perlite Vermiculite Mica Washed sand None
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Aggregate Color Colorless Tan Brown Black Red Brown Exact color definition with Munsell Color System
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Fiber - Type Hair – cattle or horse Wood fiber Jute Fiberglass Cellulose Suspected of being asbestos
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Engineering Properties Plaster strength Bond between layers Useful for engineering design purposes
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Determine Plaster Type Atlas of plasters Physical standards
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Analyze Samples PLM Gravimetric Reduction Point Count (1000 points – Chatfield Method) Report concentrations of plaster components Report lime to gypsum ratio Determine if analysis verifies plaster type determination
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Plaster Types Job mixed plasters Modern plasters Acoustical plasters Skim coats Plaster substrates Coatings
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Job Mixed Plasters Colored sand plaster White smooth plaster White sand plaster Bond plaster Portland cement plaster (Stucco) Mortar and concrete
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Modern Plasters Perlite aggregate Synthetic fiber reinforcing Gray granular gypsum cement Vermiculite aggregate
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Acoustical Plasters Manufactured products Open porous texture Usually friable Each must be considered separately Frequently contain asbestos
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Skim Coats Drywall taping compound Clear adhesive Fine aggregate (limestone, talc, marble) May be between layers of paint May not be able to find sufficient samples to meet AHERA requirements Evaluate separately for each facility
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Plaster Substrates Gypsum lath Gypsum block Gypsum panels (drywall systems)
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Coatings Textured coatings Heavy hard cementitous coatings (Thorocoat) May contain tremolite
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Roger G. Morse AIA Dyanki, Inc. 504 Snake Hill Road Poestenkill, NY 12140
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